《环境工程微生物学》课程扩展资料（scientist microbiology from Harvard）Fighting Global Infectious Disease

Global causes of death13%other33%infectiousand7% perinatal conditionsparasiticdiseases6%respiratorydiseases12%cancer29%circulatorydiseases·52.2milliondeaths.17.3 million deaths caused by infectious andparasitic diseases

Global causes of death • 52.2 million deaths • 17.3 million deaths caused by infectious and parasitic diseases 33% infectious and parasitic diseases 29% circulatory diseases 12% cancer 6% respiratory diseases 7% perinatal conditions 13% other

THEEPIDEMICSCORECARDCCHYEARTPESCENfthewolBECOMETuberculosisMALARIAHEPATSBKuthenEtrmsesiewtrlDipn300-500NNEWCASESAYEAeaslesHEA2DISEASESDEATHSAYEARFlengue2.7BILLIONNEWCASESAYEAR258,0 DEATHS AYEAR35iliecassayarnnCASESATTAtedeatamierte FonteraevellonethavetoeleanwatadEntire world affecteeHowardMarkelandStephenDoyle,NewYorkTimes(Op-Ed,April30,2003)

Howard Markel and Stephen Doyle, New York Times (Op-Ed, April 30, 2003)

Antibiotics

Antibiotics

VaccinesPONEENLIO.-1954SIS羔世

Vaccines

Old strategies against infectiousdiseases no longer workGlobalizationof riskDrugresistanceFewnewdrugsNewdiseasesNewsolutionsNeedforeffectivevaccinesanddrugsSustainabledistribution

Old strategies against infectious diseases no longer work • Globalization of risk • Drug resistance • Few new drugs • New diseases • New solutions • Need for effective vaccines and drugs • Sustainable distribution

国营国→GlobalizationofRisk

Globalization of Risk

ThespreadofSARSMay2003THE WORLD180140°100Y2060100-140180SRCTICOCEAI50NORTHS40PNNORTHAMERICANORTHPACIPTATANOCEANOCEANAFRICA(SOUTHAMERICASOUTHATLANTIESOUTH40°SPACIFIOOCEAN2.000mlOCEAN2.000km60ANTARCTICA160120°8040°W40°E80120°16022001Nat

The spread of SARS May 2003

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1999山久

Emergenceof resistanceto+antimalarial drugsChloroquine16yearsFansidar6yearsMefloquine4yearsAtovaquone6monthsH194019501960197019801990

Emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs 1940 Chloroquine 16 years Fansidar 6 years Mefloquine 4 years Atovaquone 6 months 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990