《环境工程微生物学》课程扩展资料（scientist microbiology from Harvard）The Face of Bacillus Subtilis - Genomes and Biofilms

The Face of Bacillus subtilisiGenomes&BiofilmsAshleeM.EarlKolterLabHarvardMedicalSchool

The Face of Bacillus subtilis: Genomes & Biofilms Ashlee M. Earl Kolter Lab Harvard Medical School

"Old" World-View of BiodiversityFungiPlantaeAnimaliaProtistaMonera (Bacteria)

“Old” World-View of Biodiversity Monera (Bacteria) Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

Morphological Trait Comparisons.....works for finches and other macroorganisms

Morphological Trait Comparisons. .works for finches and other macroorganisms. 1 2 3 4

..but it doesn't work for microbes.WHY?

.but it doesn’t work for microbes. WHY?

MicrobesAreHardtoSee!Therearemoremicrobesinonegramofsoilthantherearehumansalivetoday

Microbes Are Hard to See! There are more microbes in one gram of soil than there are humans alive today

Microbes don't have beaks!BacillusanthracisBradyrhizobiumjaponicum

Bacillus anthracis Bradyrhizobium japonicum Microbes don’t have beaks!

Moleculartools: inferring relationships“Alignment"of16S/18SrRNA.GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTAAAGTTGCTGCAGTTAAAAAG.Homo sapiensS.cereviceaeGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTAAAGTTGTTGCAGTTAAAAAG.zea maizeGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTTAAGTTGTTGCAGTTAAAAAGEscherichia coliGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAGGGTGCAAGCGTTAATCGGAATTACTGGGCGTAAAGCGAnacystis nidulans.GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGGAGAGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCG.Thermotoga maritimaGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGGGGCAAGCGTTACCCGGATTTACTGGGCGTAAAGGGMethanococcusvannieliiGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACCGACGGCCCGAGTGGTAGCCACTCTTATTGGGCCTAAAGCG.Thermococcus celerGTGGCAGCCGCCGCGGTAATACCGGCGGCCCGAGTGGTGGCCGCTATTATTGGGCCTAAAGCGSulfolobus sulfotaricus.GTGTCAGCCGCCGCGGTAATACCAGCTCCGCGAGTGGTCGGGGTGATTACTGGGCCTAAAGCG.Evolutionary"Clock”HUMANYEASTQUANTITATIVELYINFERRELATIONSHIPS

Molecular tools: inferring relationships Homo sapiens .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTAAAGTTGCTGCAGTTAAAAAG. S. cereviceae .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTAAAGTTGTTGCAGTTAAAAAG. Zea maize .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTTAAGTTGTTGCAGTTAAAAAG. Escherichia coli .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAGGGTGCAAGCGTTAATCGGAATTACTGGGCGTAAAGCG. Anacystis nidulans .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGGAGAGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCG. Thermotoga maritima .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGGGGCAAGCGTTACCCGGATTTACTGGGCGTAAAGGG. Methanococcus vannielii .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACCGACGGCCCGAGTGGTAGCCACTCTTATTGGGCCTAAAGCG. Thermococcus celer .GTGGCAGCCGCCGCGGTAATACCGGCGGCCCGAGTGGTGGCCGCTATTATTGGGCCTAAAGCG. Sulfolobus sulfotaricus .GTGTCAGCCGCCGCGGTAATACCAGCTCCGCGAGTGGTCGGGGTGATTACTGGGCCTAAAGCG. “Alignment” of 16S/18S rRNA QUANTITATIVELY INFER RELATIONSHIPS HUMAN YEAST Evolutionary “Clock

A Remarkably Different View of BiodiversityFungiPlantaeBacteriaAnimaithaeaALLplantsanimalsand fungiProtistaEucaryaManera

A Remarkably Different View of Biodiversity Bacteria Archaea Eucarya ALL plants, animals and fungi Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

FirmicutesBacilliDivision/PhylaBacillalesClassBacillaceaeOrderFamilyGenus

Family Order Division/Phyla Genus Firmicutes Bacillales Bacillaceae Class Bacilli

TheFaceof BacillussubtilisBacillus>99.8%identical16SrRNASpecies

The Face of Bacillus subtilis >99.8% identical 16S rRNA Species Bacillus