《新编大学英语》综合教程（第三版第四册）B4U6_Words, phrases and grammarical points

Words,Phrases and Grammatical Points 1.risk 关于rsk的词组有很多： at risk处于危险之中 e.g.I)The disease is spreading,and all children under five are at risk. II)Heart disease can be avoided if people at risk take medical advice. at the risk of冒…的危险 e.g.I)He saved my life at the risk of losing his own. II)At the risk of offending you,I must tell you that I disapprove of your behavior. run the risk of冒…的危险 e.g.I)I don't want to run the risk of meeting George. II)I was afraid to run the risk of betting on the game. take a risk/risks冒险做可能失败、有危险等的事 e.g.I)You are taking a big risk driving so fast. II)But he must be cautious;he must take no unnecessary risks. 2."And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves..."(/.6) 1)This sentence means that these threats give rise to questions that we must ask ourselves. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组，谓语动词为go,com℃等表示位置转移的动作动词时， 通常引起全倒装。 e.g.I)From the room came the sound of children singing. Il)From the fountain bubbled a stream of cool water 2)pose:create a difficult or dangerous situation Some phrases with"pose":pose a problem/difficulty/risk/threat/challenge/question eg.I)Officials claim the chemical poses no real threat. II)Rising unemployment is posing serious problems for the administration. III)They had been expected to pose a serious challenge to the main parties. 3.rather (1.16):adv.to a fairly large degree eg.I realize that I've been rather stupid and selfish. Some phrases with“rather'” rather than:instead of eg.I)It would be better to make a decision now,rather than leave it until later. II)It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me. would rather:prefer to do or have something e.g.I would rather you didn't mention this matter to anyone else. or rather:used before correcting something that you have said,or giving more specific information eg.We all went in Vic's car,or rather his father's. not...but rather...:used to say that one thing is not true but a different thing is eg.The problem is not their lack of funding,but rather their lack of planning. 4.accidentally (1.21)happening by chance,not by plan or intention eg.This morning I accidentally met with a friend with whom I have never kept in touch for a long time. Compare: incidentally:used for adding something to what was said before,either on the same or another

Words, Phrases and Grammatical Points 1. risk 关于 risk 的词组有很多： at risk 处于危险之中 e.g. I) The disease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk. II) Heart disease can be avoided if people at risk take medical advice. at the risk of 冒……的危险 e.g. I) He saved my life at the risk of losing his own. II) At the risk of offending you, I must tell you that I disapprove of your behavior. run the risk of 冒……的危险 e.g. I) I don’t want to run the risk of meeting George. II) I was afraid to run the risk of betting on the game. take a risk/risks 冒险做可能失败、有危险等的事 e.g. I) You are taking a big risk driving so fast. II) But he must be cautious; he must take no unnecessary risks. 2. “And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves…” (l. 6) 1) This sentence means that these threats give rise to questions that we must ask ourselves. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组，谓语动词为 go, come 等表示位置转移的动作动词时， 通常引起全倒装。 e.g. I) From the room came the sound of children singing. II) From the fountain bubbled a stream of cool water. 2) pose: create a difficult or dangerous situation Some phrases with “pose”: pose a problem/difficulty/risk/threat/challenge/question e.g. I) Officials claim the chemical poses no real threat. II) Rising unemployment is posing serious problems for the administration. III) They had been expected to pose a serious challenge to the main parties. 3. rather (l.16): adv. to a fairly large degree e.g. I realize that I’ve been rather stupid and selfish. Some phrases with “rather” rather than: instead of e.g. I) It would be better to make a decision now, rather than leave it until later. II) It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me. would rather: prefer to do or have something e.g. I would rather you didn’t mention this matter to anyone else. or rather: used before correcting something that you have said, or giving more specific information e.g. We all went in Vic's car, or rather his father’s. not... but rather...: used to say that one thing is not true but a different thing is e.g. The problem is not their lack of funding, but rather their lack of planning. 4. accidentally (l. 21) happening by chance, not by plan or intention e.g. This morning I accidentally met with a friend with whom I have never kept in touch for a long time. Compare: incidentally: used for adding something to what was said before, either on the same or another

subject eg.I must go now.Incidentally if you want that book I'll bring it next time. 5.reduce to...(1.26) 1)change a substance to a different or more basic form e.g.I)He reduces unimaginable statistics to manageable proportions. II)We can reduce his statement to three simple facts. 2)bring someone or something to a lower or weaker state,condition or role eg.Many of the youngsters are reduced to sleeping on the streets. 其他相关词组有： reduce to order:使恢复秩序 e.g.The teacher soon reduced the noisy class to order. reduce to silence::使安静下来 e.g.The dignity of his appeal reduced the loudest of critics to silence. Reduce to tears:使哭了起来 e.g.His emotional language reduced many of that open-air audience to tears. Reduced circumstances境况比较拮据 e.g.They are living in reduced circumstances. 6.accordingly (7.28) 1)in a way that is suitable for a particular situation or that is based on what someone has done or said e.g.Each health authority should assess the need for this care and make provision accordingly. 2)for that reason;therefore e.g.He has impressed his employers considerably and accordingly he is soon to be promoted

subject e.g. I must go now. Incidentally if you want that book I’ll bring it next time. 5. reduce to…(l. 26) 1) change a substance to a different or more basic form e.g. I) He reduces unimaginable statistics to manageable proportions. II) We can reduce his statement to three simple facts. 2) bring someone or something to a lower or weaker state, condition or role e.g. Many of the youngsters are reduced to sleeping on the streets. 其他相关词组有： reduce to order : 使恢复秩序 e.g. The teacher soon reduced the noisy class to order. reduce to silence: 使安静下来 e.g. The dignity of his appeal reduced the loudest of critics to silence. Reduce to tears：使哭了起来 e.g. His emotional language reduced many of that open-air audience to tears. Reduced circumstances 境况比较拮据 e.g. They are living in reduced circumstances. 6. accordingly (l. 28) 1) in a way that is suitable for a particular situation or that is based on what someone has done or said e.g. Each health authority should assess the need for this care and make provision accordingly. 2) for that reason; therefore e.g. He has impressed his employers considerably and accordingly he is soon to be promoted