同济大学：《货币金融学》课程电子教案（课件讲稿）Chapter 7 Central Banks

9 同濟大学 经济与管理学院 TONGJI UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT Chapter 7 Central Banks 耳耳回 日11111

Chapter 7 Central Banks

The Economics of Money and Banking Chapter 7 Central Banks >>>Agenda Overview of Central Banks ● ● ● Functions and Businesses of Central Banks ● ■ Financial Supervision by Central Banks ● 2 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY

The Economics of Money and Banking 2 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY  Overview of Central Banks  Functions and Businesses of Central Banks  Financial Supervision by Central Banks Chapter 7 Central Banks Agenda

The Economics of Money and Banking Chapter 7 Central Banks 》》》 Reasons for Emergence of Central Banks 1 Establishment of central banks met the need of issuance of banknotes. Overview of Central Banks A unified organ was needed for a nation's note exchange and clearing. Commercial banks needed the"lender of the last resort". A unified and authoritative institution was needed to supervise and regulate the financial industry A unified organ was needed to meet the government financing needs 3 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY

The Economics of Money and Banking 3 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY 1 Reasons for Emergence of Central Banks A unified organ was needed for a nation’s note exchange and clearing. Overview of Central Banks Establishment of central banks met the need of issuance of banknotes. Chapter 7 Central Banks Commercial banks needed the “ lender of the last resort”. A unified and authoritative institution was needed to supervise and regulate the financial industry A unified organ was needed to meet the government financing needs

The Economics of Money and Banking Chapter 7 Central Banks >>Nature of Central Banks 2 Central banks are special financial institutions Central Banks Functions and Business of Particularity in position Particularity in business Particularity in management 4 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY

The Economics of Money and Banking 4 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY 2  Particularity in position  Particularity in business  Particularity in management Nature of Central Banks Central banks are special financial institutions Chapter 7 Central Banks Central Banks Functions and Business of

The Economics of Money and Banking Chapter 7 Central Banks >>Functions of Central Banks 2 A:Issuing Bank Central Banks Functions and Business of A central bank monopolizes the issuance of banknotes and is the only one to issue notes in a nation. ▣ A central bank,a supreme policy-making organ,plays a very important role in determining money supply. 5 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY

The Economics of Money and Banking 5 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY 2  A central bank monopolizes the issuance of banknotes and is the only one to issue notes in a nation.  A central bank , a supreme policy-making organ, plays a very important role in determining money supply. Functions of Central Banks A: Issuing Bank Chapter 7 Central Banks Central Banks Functions and Business of

The Economics of Money and Banking Chapter 7 Central Banks >>Functions of Central Banks 2 B:Banker's Bank Central Banks To amass the reserves through the reserve requirements Functions and Business of To be the lender of the last resort To organize the national clearance and collection 6 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY

The Economics of Money and Banking 6 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY 2  To amass the reserves through the reserve requirements  To be the lender of the last resort  To organize the national clearance and collection B: Banker’s Bank Chapter 7 Central Banks Central Banks Functions and Business of Functions of Central Banks

The Economics of Money and Banking Chapter 7 Central Banks >>Functions of Central Banks 2 C:Government's bank Central Banks Functions and ▣To be the fiscal agent To provide the national government with credit support To safekeep and manage national foreign exchange and gold reserve Business of To formulate the financial regulations and supervise their implementation To represent the national government in the international financial activities 7 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY

The Economics of Money and Banking 7 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY 2  To be the fiscal agent  To provide the national government with credit support  To safekeep and manage national foreign exchange and gold reserve  To formulate the financial regulations and supervise their implementation  To represent the national government in the international financial activities C: Government’s bank Chapter 7 Central Banks Central Banks Functions and Business of Functions of Central Banks

The Economics of Money and Banking Chapter 7 Central Banks >>>Types of Central Banks 2 A:Single central bank system This system refers to the system that consists of a central bank itself Central Banks Functions and Business of founded by the national government to perform central bank's functions,which leads the whole banking sector. 8 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY

The Economics of Money and Banking 8 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY 2 Types of Central Banks A: Single central bank system Chapter 7 Central Banks Central Banks Functions and Business of This system refers to the system that consists of a central bank itself founded by the national government to perform central bank’s functions, which leads the whole banking sector

The Economics of Money and Banking Chapter 7 Central Banks >>>Types of Central Banks 2 B:Compound Central Bank System This system refers to the system that there is no bank specializing in Central Banks Functions and Business of performing the functions bank,but a large bank which performs the functions of both the central bank and an ordinary commercial bank. Such mode once existed in central planned economies,such as the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. 9 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY

The Economics of Money and Banking 9 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY 2 B: Compound Central Bank System Chapter 7 Central Banks Central Banks Functions and Business of Types of Central Banks This system refers to the system that there is no bank specializing in performing the functions bank, but a large bank which performs the functions of both the central bank and an ordinary commercial bank. Such mode once existed in central planned economies, such as the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries

The Economics of Money and Banking Chapter 7 Central Banks >>Types of Central Banks 2 C:Quasi-Central Bank System This system refers to either the established agencies in some countries Central Banks Functions and Business of and areas that are similar to central banks,or one or several commercial banks authorized by the national government to perform the partial functions of the central bank. Example:Hong Kong Monetary Authority 10 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY

The Economics of Money and Banking 10 GUO YING SEM TONGJI UNIVERSITY 2 C: Quasi- Central Bank System Chapter 7 Central Banks Central Banks Functions and Business of Types of Central Banks This system refers to either the established agencies in some countries and areas that are similar to central banks, or one or several commercial banks authorized by the national government to perform the partial functions of the central bank. Example : Hong Kong Monetary Authority