扬州大学：《外科学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿，Surgery）Chapter 19. Lungs Diseases_Primary Lung Cancer

LungCancer的

1 Lung Cancer

you should be able to:Be familiar with the strategy for the evaluation and managementof lung cancer.To know the etiology and causes of lung cancer.To understand the clinical features of lung cancer.Try to make a diagnosis → stage the diseaseMaster the role of surgery in the treatment of lung cancer.2

2 ⚫ Be familiar with the strategy for the evaluation and management of lung cancer. ⚫ To know the etiology and causes of lung cancer. ⚫ To understand the clinical features of lung cancer. ⚫ Try to make a diagnosis → stage the disease. ⚫ Master the role of surgery in the treatment of lung cancer. you should be able to:

Clinical thinking What are the risk factors for lung cancer? What is the most likely mechanism for lung cancer ? How would you make and confirm the diagnosis?What is the best therapy for lung cancer?What should be your next step?( This is often the mostdifficult one because the answer may be diagnostic, stagingor therapeutic.)3

3 Clinical thinking  What are the risk factors for lung cancer?  What is the most likely mechanism for lung cancer ?  How would you make and confirm the diagnosis?  What is the best therapy for lung cancer? What should be your next step?( This is often the most difficult one because the answer may be diagnostic, staging, or therapeutic.)

Whatis Lung Cancer? Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out ofcontrol.When cancer starts in the lungs, it is called lung cancerLung cancer begins in the lungs and may spread to lymphnodes or other organs in the body, such as the brain,liver.Cancer from other organs also may spread to the lungs.When cancer cells spread from one organ to another, theyare called metastases

4 What is Lung Cancer? ⚫ Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. ⚫ When cancer starts in the lungs, it is called lung cancer. ⚫ Lung cancer begins in the lungs and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body, such as the brain,liver. ⚫ Cancer from other organs also may spread to the lungs. When cancer cells spread from one organ to another, they are called metastases

Thereisanincreasingnumberoffemalelifelongnonsmokers that developlungcancer.Theiretiologyisunclear: secondhandsmoke?,environmental causes?,geneticpredisposition?Tobaccouseisassociatedwithincreasedriskofcancersofthelung,mouthandesophagusInflammedprimaryandsecondarybronchiChronic bronchitis is caused most oftenbyexposuretoairbornepollutantssuchascigarettesmokeFADAMTADAM5

5

Lung cancerCigarette smokingADAMCigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer.In the United States, cigarette smoking is linked to about 90% oflung cancers.Tobacco smoke is a toxic mix of more than 7,000 chemicalsMany are poisons. At least 70 are known to cause cancer in people or animalsQuittingsmokingatanyagecanlowertheriskof lungcancer6

6 Cigarette smoking ⚫ Cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer. ⚫ In the United States, cigarette smoking is linked to about 90% of lung cancers. ⚫ Tobacco smoke is a toxic mix of more than 7,000 chemicals. Many are poisons. ⚫ At least 70 are known to cause cancer in people or animals. ❑Quitting smoking at any age can lower the risk of lung cancer

Lung Cancerand Smoking FactsRisks relatedto:amount smoked (pack years-# cigs/day x # yrs)age of smoking onsetproduct smoked (tar/nicotine content, filters)depthofinhalationGender

7 Lung Cancer and Smoking Facts ⚫ Risks related to: ⚫ amount smoked (pack years- # cigs/day x # yrs) ⚫ age of smoking onset ⚫ product smoked (tar/nicotine content, filters) ⚫ depth of inhalation ⚫ Gender

How many types of lungcancer are there?The two main forms of lungcancer are NSCLC and SCLC NSCLC stands for non small cell lung cancer, andSCLC stands for small cell lung cancer.The names describe the characteristics of the cellsinside the tumor when viewed under a microscope. These types of lung cancer grow differently and aretreated differentlyNSCLC is more common than SCLC.8

8 How many types of lung cancer are there? ⚫ The two main forms of lung cancer are NSCLC and SCLC. ⚫ NSCLC stands for non small cell lung cancer, and SCLC stands for small cell lung cancer. ⚫ The names describe the characteristics of the cells inside the tumor when viewed under a microscope. ⚫ These types of lung cancer grow differently and are treated differently. ⚫ NSCLC is more common than SCLC

What is NSCLC?NSCLC occurs the most out of all forms of lung cancerNSCLC occurs in eighty percent of all cases of lungcancer.NSCLC also has three sub forms have names accordingto the form of the cells located inside the tumorAdenocarcinomasquamous cell carcinomalarge cell carcinoma9

9 ❑What is NSCLC? ❑NSCLC occurs the most out of all forms of lung cancer. NSCLC occurs in eighty percent of all cases of lung cancer. ❑NSCLC also has three sub forms have names according to the form of the cells located inside the tumor. ❑Adenocarcinoma ❑squamous cell carcinoma ❑large cell carcinoma

How is SCLC different from NSCLC?SCLC is responsible for around twenty percent of people withlung cancer.SCLC is a lung cancer with the highest aggression and spreadingrate on record.The tumors that come from SCLC are often caused by or relatedto cigarette smoking. Only about one percent of people with SCLCdo not smokeSCLC spreads at an astonishing rate throughout the body, and isusually not discovered until it has progressed in an advancedfashion.10

10 ❑How is SCLC different from NSCLC? ❑SCLC is responsible for around twenty percent of people with lung cancer. ❑SCLC is a lung cancer with the highest aggression and spreading rate on record. ❑The tumors that come from SCLC are often caused by or related to cigarette smoking. Only about one percent of people with SCLC do not smoke. ❑SCLC spreads at an astonishing rate throughout the body, and is usually not discovered until it has progressed in an advanced fashion