《小儿外科学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）儿童脑积水 Hydrocephalus In Children

Hydrocephalus In Children 儿童脑积水

Hydrocephalus In Children 儿童脑积水

Main Points Overview II.Ventricular System Cerebrospinal fluid circulation III.Pathogenesis and Classification (difficulty key point IV.Clinical Manifestation (key point) V.Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis (key point) VI.Treatment Principle (key point)

Main Points I. Overview II. Ventricular System & Cerebrospinal fluid circulation III. Pathogenesis and Classification (difficulty & key point) IV. Clinical Manifestation (key point) V. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis (key point) VI. Treatment Principle (key point)

I. Overview

Ⅰ. Overview

1.The Definition Hydrocephalus is not a kind of "disease"but a pathological result induced by variety causes. Three main points:Increase ofCSF Dilation of Ventricles (f犬and Intracranial ypertension(p颉信图 Normal Hydrocephalus

1.The Definition ➢ Hydrocephalus is not a kind of“disease”, but a pathological result induced by variety causes. ➢ Three main points：Increase of CSF（ 脑脊液增多）, Dilation of Ventricles（脑室扩大）and Intracranial Hypertension（颅内高压）

2.The History

2.The History ➢ The term hydrocephalus is derived from two words: ▪ "hydro" meaning water ▪ "cephalus" referring to the head ➢ 1875, Production, circulation and absorption of CSF ➢ 1923, Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ➢ 1949, Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ➢ 1973, CT, follow by MRI ➢

3.Epidemiology ▣】in2,OO0 newborns suffer from hydrocephalus. Over 30,000 hydrocephalus babies born each year in China mainland. More than 50%cases were congenital previously but acquired are becoming predominant currently Death rates have decreased from 54%to 5%, intellectual disability has decreased from 62%to 30%

3.Epidemiology ▪ 1 in 2,000 newborns suffer from hydrocephalus. ▪ Over 30,000 hydrocephalus babies born each year in China mainland. ▪ More than 50% cases were congenital previously, but acquired are becoming predominant currently. ▪ Death rates have decreased from 54% to 5%; intellectual disability has decreased from 62% to 30%

Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation 脑室系统及脑脊液循环

" Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation 脑室系统及脑脊液循环

1.Ventricles (脑室系统) Lateral Ventricles Third Ventricle Aqueduct of Sylvius Pons Foramen of Medulla oblongata Monro Cerebellum Spinal cord- Fourth (Reprinted with permisslon by the Ventricle A Late Hydrocephalus ior View Association, San Franclsco,CA)

1.Ventricles（脑室系统） A Lateral View Anterior View

2.Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation Arachnoid granulations choroid plexus Lateral Lateral Monro Third Fourth Lateral aperture Arachnoid Median aperture granulations subarachnoid space 矢状位

2. Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation 矢状位 Lateral Lateral subarachnoid space Arachnoid Median aperture granulations Lateral aperture Monro Third Aqueduct of Sylvius choroid plexus Fourth Arachnoid granulations

III.Pathogenesis and Classification

Ⅲ. Pathogenesis and Classification