华南理工大学：《物理化学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）第二章 热力学第一定律及其应用 The Thermodynamic First Law（上）

物理化学电子教案第二章(上) 热力学第一定律及其应用 环境 surroundings 无物质交换 封闭本系 closed system △U=Q+W 能量交换 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回 2021/2/21

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 2021/2/21 物理化学电子教案—第二章（上）  = + U Q W

Chapter 2 The Thermodynamic First Law 2.1 Preface to the thermodynamics 2.2 The thermodynamic first law 2.3 Quasi-static process and reversible process 2.4 Enthalpy 2.5 Heat capacity 2.6 The first law in ideal gases 2.7 Thermochemistry 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回 2021/2/21

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 2021/2/21 Chapter 2 The Thermodynamic First Law 2.1 Preface to the thermodynamics 2.2 The thermodynamic first law 2.3 Quasi-static process and reversible process 2.4 Enthalpy 2.5 Heat capacity 2.6 The first law in ideal gases 2.7 Thermochemistry

Contents 2. 8 The hess's law 2.9 Heat in some processes 2.10 The temperature dependence of the reaction enthalpy Kirchhoff's law 2.11 An adiabatic reaction - non-isothermal reaction 4上一内容下一内容◇回主目录 返回 2021/221

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 2021/2/21 Contents 2.8 The Hess’s law 2.9 Heat in some processes 2.10 The temperature dependence of the reaction enthalpy —— Kirchhoff’s law 2.11 An adiabatic reaction ——non-isothermal reaction

Thermodynamics is the mathematical study of heat and its relationship with mechanical energy and other forms of work In chemical systems. it allows determination of the feasibility, direction, and equilibrium position of reactions Thermodynamics studies the transformations energy. 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回 2021/2/21

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 2021/2/21 Thermodynamics is the mathematical study of heat and its relationship with mechanical energy and other forms of work. In chemical systems, it allows determination of the feasibility, direction, and equilibrium position of reactions. Thermodynamics studies the transformations energy

Methods and limitations of thermodynamics Thermodynamics is concerned only with the average characteristics of large aggregations of molecules, not with the characteristics of individual molecules In other words. classical thermodynamics takes the macroscopic point of view and deals with macroscopic phenomena Limitation not with the microscopic structure of matter 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回 2021/2/21

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 2021/2/21 Methods and limitations of thermodynamics Thermodynamics Limitation not with the microscopic structure of matter . is concerned only with the average characteristics of large aggregations of molecules, not with the characteristics of individual molecules. In other words, classical thermodynamics takes the macroscopic point of view and deals with macroscopic phenomena

System and surroundings The collection of matter thus specified is called a thermodynamic system and everything external to the system that has relation with the system is called the surroundings or the environment 4上一内容下一内容◇回主目录 返回 2021/2/21

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 2021/2/21 System and surroundings The collection of matter thus specified is called a thermodynamic system, and everything external to the system that has relation with the system is called the surroundings or the environment

Sorting out systems Based on the relation of sys. and surr systems are defined as: (1) open system 环境 surroundings 物质交换 Matter exchange 开体系 Energy transfer openl system 能量交换 敞开体亲 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回 2021/2/21

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 2021/2/21 Sorting out systems Based on the relation of sys. and surr. systems are defined as： （1）open system Matter exchange Energy transfer

System often encountered (2) closed system 环境 No matter surroundings 无物质交换 exchange 封闭本系 closed system Energy transfer 能量交换 封闭体亲 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回 2021/2/21

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 2021/2/21 System often encountered （2）closed system No matter exchange Energy transfer

The big isolated system (3) isolated system No matter exchange, no Energy transfer. Sometimes take into account the system and surroundings which has relation with the system as a big isolated system 孤立体系 isolated system 环境 大环境 surroundings 无物质交换 无物质交换 孤立本系 solated system A\\V 无能量交换 孤立体系(1) 无能量交换 孤立体系(2) 4上一内容下一内容◇回主目录 返回 2021/2/21

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 2021/2/21 The big isolated system （3）isolated system No matter exchange, no Energy transfer.Sometimes take into account the system and surroundings which has relation with the system as a big isolated system

Another statement When matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings we call it an open system; when such transfer is not possible the system is closed An isolated system is a closed system with neither mechanical nor thermal contact with its surroundings 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回 2021/2/21

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 2021/2/21 Another statement When matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings we call it an open system; when such transfer is not possible the system is closed. An isolated system is a closed system with neither mechanical nor thermal contact with its surroundings