大连医科大学：《组织胚胎学》课程教学课件（英文讲稿）18.Female reproductive system

FemaleReproductiveSystem

Female Reproductive System

ComponentsandFunction:FertilizationUterinetubeFundusofuterusOvarian ligamentOvariesOviductsOvaryOvumMyometriumUterusFimbriaeCorpus luteumBroadligamentCervix*VaginaCervicalextemalosVagina-ExternalvaginalosExternalgenitaPhase:childhood→puberty→sexualmaturityclimacteric(menarche)(menopause)+senescence

Components and Function: Ovaries Oviducts Uterus Vagina External genitalia Phase: childhood→ puberty →sexual maturity→climacteric (menarche) (menopause) →senescence

1.OvaryI . General structure:TunicaMesovariumandGranuiosaSecondarygerminal epiOocytealbugineacellsfolliclebloodvesselsCortexPrimaryDegeneratingfolliciescorpus luteum(corpus aibicans)tunica albugineaVesicular (Graafian)Germinalfollicleepitheliumthe cortexPrimordialAntrumfolliclesOocyterovarianfolliclesZonapelucidacorpus luteum.OvarianligamentThecafolliculiCorpusCluteumstromaOvulatedoocyteCoronamedullaradiataMedullaDeveloping(a)corpus luteum

1. Ovary Ⅰ. General structure: germinal epi tunica albuginea the cortex medulla ovarian follicles corpus luteum. stroma

II.Developmentand maturation of ovarianfolliclesovarianfollicle= oocyte+follicularcells4developmentalstages:PrimaryPrimordialfolliclesOocytefolliclesSecondaryfolliclePrimordialfolliclesOvarianligamentPrimary folliclesSecondaryfolliclesDegeneratingcorpus luteum(corpusalbicans)maturefolliclesCorpusluteumCorona radiataDevelopingcorpusluteumOvulatedovum

Ⅱ. Development and maturation of ovarian follicles Primordial follicles ovarian follicle = oocyte + follicular cells 4 developmental stages: Primary follicles Secondary follicles mature follicles

Stopatprophaseof MeiosisImitosisOogoniabefore birth primary oocyte 1TunicaA.PrimordialFollicleGerminativealbugineaepitheliumaprimary o0ocyte (D=25um)+asinglelayerofOvarianflattenedfollicularcellsstromaPrimordialfolliclesFollicularcellsOocyteCytoplasmNucleus

A. Primordial Follicle before birth Oogonia primary oocyte // Stop at prophase of MeiosisⅠ a primary oocyte (D=25um) + a single layer of flattened follicular cells mitosis

B.Primary folliclesFSHI①ThePrimaryoocyte:become larger②Follicular cell (granulosa cell) :Primordialflattened*cuboidalcellsfolliclessimplelayerseveral layerFollicularcells③ZonapellucidaGranulosalayerappearsBasementGranulosacellsmembraneZona(acidophilic)pellucidaPrimaryOocytefolliclesOocyte

B. Primary follicles FSH / ① The Primary oocyte : become larger ② Follicular cell (granulosa cell) : flattened cuboidal cells simple layer several layer ③ Zona pellucida appears (acidophilic)

C.Secondary folliGranulosacellsAntrumDFolliclularantrumCoronaliquorfolliculiradiatathe cumulus oophorus :OocyteCumulusoophoruscorona radiatatheca folliculiThecatheca interna :richincapilaries+morecells(steroid-secreting cell)aromataseAndrostenedioneestrogen(granulosa cell)theca externa:lesscells&morefiber

C. Secondary follicle ① Folliclular antrum liquor folliculi ② the cumulus oophorus : corona radiata ③ theca folliculi theca interna : rich in capilaries+ more cells (steroid-secreting cell) aromatase Androstenedione estrogen (granulosa cell) theca externa: less cells & more fiber

oocyte grow up(D=125-150um)GranulosaThecaThecaAntrumlayerinternaexternaBasementmembraneV

oocyte grow up (D=125-150um)

D. Mature follicleD-1-2.5cmprotrude from the surface of the ovaryfolliclar antrum enlargegranulosa layer becomes thinner

D. Mature follicles protrude from the surface of the ovary D= 1-2.5 cm folliclar antrum enlarge granulosa layer becomes thinner

Primary oocyteOogoniumMeiosis Imitosisfetal periodSecondary oocyte(Shortlybeforeovulation）Primary oocyteMeiosis IImeiosis 1puberty(Stopatmetaphase)Secondaryoocytefertilizationmeidsis 2(lt is ready to ovulation)MatureovumPolarbodies(22 +X)(22 + X)

Primary oocyte Secondary oocyte Meiosis Ⅰ (Shortly before ovulation ) Meiosis Ⅱ (Stop at metaphase) (It is ready to ovulation)