北京大学：《分子细胞生物学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）Chapter 12 Cell differentiation and Cancer cells

Chapter 12 Cell differentiation and Cancer cells Cell differentiation 1. About the concept of cell differentiation The process that a cell changes to carry out a specialized function: Marked by: Morphology / Structure /Function

Cell differentiation and Cancer cells Cell differentiation Chapter 12 1. About the concept of cell differentiation The process that a cell changes to carry out a specialized function: Marked by: Morphology / Structure / Function

.The different cell types of a multicellular organism contain the same dna .a cell can change the expression of its genes in response to external signals o Differences in mRNA expression patterns among different cell types. Different cell types synthesize different sets of proteins. Gene expression can be regulated at many of the steps in the pathway from dna to rna to protein

❖The different cell types of a multicellular organism contain the same DNA. ❖A cell can change the expression of its genes in response to external signals. ❖Differences in mRNA expression patterns among different cell types. ❖Different cell types synthesize different sets of proteins. ❖Gene expression can be regulated at many of the steps in the pathway from DNA to RNA to protein

The four essential processes by which a multicellular organism is made: Cell proliferation Cell specialization, Cell interaction. and Cell movement o●③③③◎ CELL PROLIFERATION CELL SPECIALIZATION CELL INTERACTION CELL MOVEMENT

The four essential processes by which a multicellular organism is made: Cell proliferation, Cell specialization, Cell interaction, and Cell movement

Cell differentiation occurs in multicellular organisms prve crl. Loose ronet ts wt hbrctaits Human B 1014 cells >200 cell types a秘 Smooth muscie 00 testa eomehacers

Cell differentiation occurs in multicellular organisms Human: 1014 cells, >200 cell types

2. Why a fertilized egg can develop into dififerent cells: Gene differentiated express 分子杂交技术检测基因及其表达 细总NA 细胞总RA 输哋燧胞胰哿输燧r胞胰 骗因++++ B瑞蛋因+ 胰因 实法去 Sth交 Northem交

2. Why a fertilized egg can develop into different cells: Gene differentiated express 分子杂交技术检测基因及其表达

3. Combinational control and Gene differentiated express pp416:12-1:2n(n=3,A,B,C)

3. Combinational control and Gene differentiated express pp.416: 12-1: 2 n (n=3, A,B,C)

4. House-keeping genes and luxury genes House-keeping genes: Expressed in all cell types, essential for all cels Luxury genes: Tissue-specific genes, expressed in special cells Sequential expression of various genes in early Drosophila embryo

4. House-keeping genes and luxury genes House-keeping genes: Expressed in all cell types, essential for all cells Luxury genes: Tissue-specific genes, expressed in special cells Sequential expression of various genes in early Drosophila embryo

5. Transdifferentiation: From one type of cell into another type Includes: Dedifferentiation---Redifferentiation 去分化 再分化

5. Transdifferentiation: From one type of cell into another type Includes: Dedifferentiation---Redifferentiation 去分化 再分化

Cell totipotency(细胞全能性) The ability of a cell develops into a complete organism 1. Plant cells 植物细胞具有全能性, 在适宜条件下可培育成 完整植株,已广泛应用

Cell totipotency (细胞全能性) 1. Plant cells The ability of a cell develops into a complete organism 植物细胞具有全能性， 在适宜条件下可培育成 完整植株，已广泛应用

A new organism created 2. Animal cloning by the process of nuclear transplantation entiled gg Transplantation of frog red cell nucleus indicatednucleus the nucleus of animal is ucleus in pipette totipotency(全能性)

2. Animal cloning— Transplantation of frog red cell nucleus indicated the nucleus of animal is totipotency(全能性) A new organism created by the process of nuclear transplantation