《高级金融学》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）Technical Note 2 Learning Curves

OPERATIONS MANAGENIENT a=1 CTle McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004

1 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004

Technical note 2 Learning Curves CTle McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004

2 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Technical Note 2 Learning Curves

OBJECTIVES Underlying Principles of learning Curves Learning Curve Example Types of Learning From Learning Curves to Performance Improvement CTle McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004

3 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 • Underlying Principles of Learning Curves • Learning Curve Example • Types of Learning • From Learning Curves to Performance Improvement OBJECTIVES

Underlying principles of Learning Curves I Each time you perform a task it takes less time than the last time you performed the same task 2. The extent of task time decreases over time 3. The reduction in time will follow a predictable pattern CTle McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004

4 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Underlying Principles of Learning Curves 1. Each time you perform a task it takes less time than the last time you performed the same task 2. The extent of task time decreases over time 3. The reduction in time will follow a predictable pattern

Example of a Learning Curve Suppose you start a Term Time(in term paper typing paper Minutes) business, You time yourself on the first 100 paper, then the second, 90 and so on Note that only 90 of 100 minutes are used in the second 23456 84.62 81.00 78.30 repetition. This is an 76.16 example of a 90% learning curve CTle McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004

5 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Example of a Learning Curve Suppose you start a term paper typing business. You time yourself on the first paper, then the second, and so on. Term paper 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (in Minutes) 100 90 84.62 81.00 78.30 76.16 Note that only 90 of 100 minutes are used in the second repetition. This is an example of a 90% learning curve

6 Plotting the All learning curves have this Learning Curve downward sloping curve. 90 Learning curve 120 c100 专80 g三 60 8 20 0 10002000300040005000 Unit CTle McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004

6 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Plotting the Learning Curve All learning curves have this downward sloping curve. 90 % Learning Curve 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 100 120 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Unit Production Time(Minutes)

7 Types of Learning Individual Learning Improvement when individuals gain a skill or efficiency by repetition of a job Organizational Learning Improvement from the groups of individuals from repetition and changes in administration equipment, and product design CTle McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004

7 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Types of Learning • Individual Learning Improvement when individuals gain a skill or efficiency by repetition of a job • Organizational Learning Improvement from the groups of individuals from repetition and changes in administration, equipment, and product design

8 From Learning Curves to Performance Improvement(Part 1) Proper selection of workers Proper training Motivation Work specialization Do one or very few jobs at a time CTle McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004

8 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 From Learning Curves to Performance Improvement (Part 1) • Proper selection of workers • Proper training • Motivation • Work specialization • Do one or very few jobs at a time

9 From Learning Curves to Performance Improvement (Part 2) Use tools or equipment that assists or supports performance Provide quick and easy access for help Allow workers to help redesign their tasks CTle McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004

9 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 From Learning Curves to Performance Improvement (Part 2) • Use tools or equipment that assists or supports performance • Provide quick and easy access for help • Allow workers to help redesign their tasks

End of Technical note 2 CTle McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2004

10 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 End of Technical Note 2