《高级金融学》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）Job Design and Work Measurement

OPERATIONS MANAGENIENT a=1 CThe McGrazu-Hill C Inc,2004

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 1

Technical note 4 Job Design and work Measurement CThe McGrazu-Hill C Inc,2004

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 2 Technical Note 4 Job Design and Work Measurement

OBJECTIVES Job Design Defined Job Design decisions Trends in Job Design Work measurement Basic Compensation Systems FinancialIncentive plans CThe McGrazu-Hill C Inc,2004

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 3 • Job Design Defined • Job Design Decisions • Trends in Job Design • Work Measurement • Basic Compensation Systems • Financial Incentive Plans OBJECTIVES

What is Job Design? Defined Job design is the function of specifying the work activities of an individual or group in an organizational setting The objective of job design is to develop jobs that meet the requirements of the organization and its technology and that satisfy the jobholder's personal and individual requirements CThe McGrazu-Hill C Inc,2004

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 4 What is Job Design? Defined • Job design is the function of specifying the work activities of an individual or group in an organizational setting • The objective of job design is to develop jobs that meet the requirements of the organization and its technology and that satisfy the jobholder’s personal and individual requirements

Job Design Decisions Who What Where When Why How Mental and Geographic Organizational Time of day rationale for Method of physica locale of the Tasks to be time of characteristics organization, the job, object- performance ives and mot- of the performed location of occurrence in d the work flow ivation of the motivation work force work areas worker Ultimate Job Structure CThe McGrazu-Hill C Inc,2004

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 5 Job Design Decisions Who What Where When Why How Mental and physical characteristics of the work force Tasks to be performed Geographic locale of the organization; location of work areas Time of day; time of occurrence in the work flow Organizational rationale for the job; object￾ives and mot￾ivation of the worker Method of performance and motivation Ultimate Job Structure

6 Trends in Job design Quality control as part of the worker's job Cross-training workers to perform multi skilled jobs Employee involvement and team approaches to designing and organizing work Informating ordinary workers through e-mail and the Internet CThe McGrazu-Hill C Inc,2004

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 6 Trends in Job Design • Quality control as part of the worker's job • Cross-training workers to perform multi skilled jobs • Employee involvement and team approaches to designing and organizing work • "Informating" ordinary workers through e-mail and the Internet

7 Trends in Job Design(Continued) Extensive use of temporary workers Automation of heavy manual work Organizational commitment to providing meaningful and rewarding jobs for all employees CThe McGrazu-Hill C Inc,2004

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 7 Trends in Job Design (Continued) • Extensive use of temporary workers • Automation of heavy manual work • Organizational commitment to providing meaningful and rewarding jobs for all employees

8 Behavioral Considerations in Job Design Balancing the specialization in a job and its content through enrichment can give us. Degree of Ultimate Job enrichment Specialization Job (VS Enlargement) Structure CThe McGraw-Hill CoMpanies, Inc, 2004

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 8 Behavioral Considerations in Job Design Ultimate Job Structure Degree of Specialization Job Enrichment (vs. Enlargement) Balancing the specialization in a job and its content through enrichment can give us…

9 Sociotechnical Systems Focuses on the interaction between technology and the work group by looking at.. Task Variety Process Skill Variety Technology Feedback Worker/Group Task Identity Needs Needs ask Autonomy CThe McGrazu-Hill C Inc,2004

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 9 Sociotechnical Systems Task Variety Skill Variety Feedback Task Identity Task Autonomy Process Technology Needs Worker/Group Needs Focuses on the interaction between technology and the work group by looking at…

Physical Considerations in Job Design Work physiology sets work-rest cycles according to the energy expended in various parts of the job. The harder the work, the more the need for rest periods. Ergonomics is a term used to describe the study of the physical arrangement of the work space together with tools used to perform a task Fit the work to the body rather than forcing the body to conform to the work. CThe McGraw-Hill CoMpanies, Inc, 2004

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 10 Physical Considerations in Job Design • Work physiology sets work-rest cycles according to the energy expended in various parts of the job. The harder the work, the more the need for rest periods. • Ergonomics is a term used to describe the study of the physical arrangement of the work space together with tools used to perform a task. Fit the work to the body rather than forcing the body to conform to the work