西安建筑科技大学：《环境学 Environmentology》双语课程_试题

Question Sheets for Environmentology (Sample) Date: Note: These sheets are designed for a test for students who have undertaken the required course of “E All your answers to each of the questions should be written in the indicated blankets or space within these sheets. You should use only English for your answer and no reference books, dictionaries or materials are allowed to be used during the test. The total length of time for answering is 90 minutes 1. Draw straight lines between each pair of the statements you think match each other in the left and right columns below.( 15 points Ecosystem Legal entity designed to operate at a profit Wilderness All forms of life have an inherent right to exist All environmental responsibility is derived from human Environment interests alone Anthropocentric Areas with minimal human influence Nature has intrinsic value or inherent worth apart from orporation human appropriation Conservation ethic Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime An interacting unit formed by the organisms and the Bie acentrIc physical environment Anything that contributes to making desired goods and Development ethic ervices available for consumption The human race is the master of the earth and its Preservation ethic resources exist for our benefit and pleasure Resources a balance of resource use and resource availability 2. Choose the most appropriate answer to each of the following questions. 30 points (1)Which is not a factor in environmental science? C)ethics D)politics (2)"All environmental responsibility is derived from human interests alone. "This defines A)environmental ethics B)anthropocentrism

Question Sheets for Environmentology (Sample) Date: Name: Note: These sheets are designed for a test for students who have undertaken the required course of “ Environmentology ”. All your answers to each of the questions should be written in the indicated blankets or space within these sheets. You should use only English for your answer and no reference books, dictionaries or materials are allowed to be used during the test. The total length of time for answering is 90 minutes. 1. Draw straight lines between each pair of the statements you think match each other in the left and right columns below. ( 15 points ) Ecosystem Legal entity designed to operate at a profit Wilderness All forms of life have an inherent right to exist. Environment All environmental responsibility is derived from human interests alone Anthropocentric Areas with minimal human influence Corporation Nature has intrinsic value or inherent worth apart from human appropriation Conservation ethic Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime Biocentric An interacting unit formed by the organisms and the physical environment Development ethic Anything that contributes to making desired goods and services available for consumption Preservation ethic The human race is the master of the earth and its resources exist for our benefit and pleasure Resources A balance of resource use and resource availability 2. Choose the most appropriate answer to each of the following questions. ( 30 points ) (1) Which is not a factor in environmental science? A) biology B) religion C) ethics D) politics E) economics (2) "All environmental responsibility is derived from human interests alone." This defines: A) environmental ethics B) anthropocentrism

D)ecocentrism (3)Which is untrue? Poor people often have environmentally hazardous sites near them because A)they are poorly represented politically B)the health risks are less for them C)land is cheaper near them D)they need the jobs the sites promise E)they cannot afford good lawyers (4)Items considered in risk management do not include B)costs C) probability D) how much risk is acceptable E)which risk receives priority (5)Which is untrue? Recycled wood A)saves landfill costs B)is used to make particle board C)is just at the concept phase D) essure on forests (6)Reducing pollution can be profitable by A)reducing landfill costs B)reducing manufacturing wastes C)selling former waste products D)recycling wastes E)all of the above (7)Which is incorrect? The scientific method assumes A) specific causes for the events B)identifiable causes C)repeated events probably have different causes D)what one sees, another can see the rules apply to all of na A) are chemically bonded atoms B)are pure elements C)are mixtures D)are the nucleus E)lack a nucleus (9) Carbon dioxide is made into sugar by

C) biocentrism D) ecocentrism (3) Which is untrue? Poor people often have environmentally hazardous sites near them because: A) they are poorly represented politically B) the health risks are less for them C) land is cheaper near them D) they need the jobs the sites promise E) they cannot afford good lawyers (4) Items considered in risk management do not include: A) morals B) costs C) probability D) how much risk is acceptable E) which risk receives priority (5) Which is untrue? Recycled wood: A) saves landfill costs B) is used to make particle board C) is just at the concept phase D) reduces pressure on forests (6) Reducing pollution can be profitable by: A) reducing landfill costs B) reducing manufacturing wastes C) selling former waste products D) recycling wastes E) all of the above (7) Which is incorrect? The scientific method assumes: A) specific causes for the events B) identifiable causes C) repeated events probably have different causes D) what one sees, another can see E) the rules apply to all of nature (8) Compounds: A) are chemically bonded atoms B) are pure elements C) are mixtures D) are the nucleus E) lack a nucleus (9) Carbon dioxide is made into sugar by:

B) photosynthesis C)respiration D)using no energy E)burning (10)Wind is an example of A) kinetic energy B) potential energy C) heat energy D)atomic energy (11)The Second Law of Thermodynamics helps explain B)entropy C)energy D)all of the above (12)In a species A)the individuals can mate successfully with one another B)all live in the same place C)the individuals make up the whole population of an ecosystem D)there is only a single individual (13)The same species using the same resource. This is: A) predation B)intraspecific competition C)interspecific D)commensalism E)mutation (14)Which is untrue? Bacteria-plant nitrogen-fixation A) provides better nitrogen B)saves energy C)is cheaper for the farmer D)enriches the soil (15)A stable, long-lasting community"defines a A)climax community C)pioneer community 16)In vegetation type

A) Keebler elves B) photosynthesis C) respiration D) using no energy E) burning (10) Wind is an example of: A) kinetic energy B) potential energy C) heat energy D) atomic energy (11) The Second Law of Thermodynamics helps explain: A) electricity B) entropy C) energy D) all of the above (12) In a species: A) the individuals can mate successfully with one another B) all live in the same place C) the individuals make up the whole population of an ecosystem D) there is only a single individual (13) The same species using the same resource. This is: A) predation B) intraspecific competition C) interspecific competition D) commensalism E) mutation (14) Which is untrue? Bacteria-plant nitrogen-fixation A) provides better nitrogen B) saves energy C) is cheaper for the farmer D) enriches the soil (15) "A stable, long-lasting community" defines a: A) climax community B) fixed community C) pioneer community D) succession community (16) In vegetation type:

A) altitude and latitude have no relationship B)high altitude is like high latitude C)high altitude is like low latitude D)low latitude is like high altitude E)low latitude is always desert (17) Rainforests have their nutrition A) in the soil B)in the animals C)in the litter on the ground D)in the water E)in the biomass (18)Phytoplankton in the oceans are: B)secondary consumers c)carnivores D) herbivores (19)BOD indicates A)bad odors B)bodies of dead animals C)amount of organic matter in the water D)amount of oxygen in the water (20)Coral reefs are A) produced by living organisms C)unaffected by the weather D)are the results of fish wastes E)have little life around them 3. Fill in the blanket within each statement with the most appropriate expression chosen from the 4 suggestions(A, B, c or D).( 24 points (1)Environmental science is an ()area of study that includes both applied and theoretical aspects of humar impact on the world A)interrelated B)interdisciplinary C)interactive D)international Ox (2)Sustainable development is"development that meets the needs of the without compromising the ablity uture generations to meet their own needs A)people B)nature C)old generation D)present (3)Pollution-prevention costs can often be factored into a ()analysis A)economic environmental C)life cycle D)cost-benefit

A) altitude and latitude have no relationship B) high altitude is like high latitude C) high altitude is like low latitude D) low latitude is like high altitude E) low latitude is always desert (17) Rainforests have their nutrition: A) in the soil B) in the animals C) in the litter on the ground D) in the water E) in the biomass (18) Phytoplankton in the oceans are: A) producers B) secondary consumers C) carnivores D) herbivores (19) BOD indicates: A) bad odors B) bodies of dead animals C) amount of organic matter in the water D) amount of oxygen in the water (20) Coral reefs are: A) produced by living organisms B) formed by sediments C) unaffected by the weather D) are the results of fish wastes E) have little life around them 3. Fill in the blanket within each statement with the most appropriate expression chosen from the 4 suggestions (A, B, C or D). ( 24 points ) (1) Environmental science is an ( ) area of study that includes both applied and theoretical aspects of human impact on the world. A) interrelated B) interdisciplinary C) interactive D) international (2) Sustainable development is “development that meets the needs of the ( ) without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” A) people B) nature C) old generation D) present (3) Pollution-prevention costs can often be factored into a ( ) analysis. A) economic B) environmental C) life cycle D) cost-benefit

(4)Risk management is a decision-making process of weighing policy alternatives and selecting the most appropriate regulatory action, integrating the results of risk assessment with engineering data and with social economiC, and political concerns to reach a() A) decision B)conclusion C)solution D) goal (5)The scientific method is a way of gaining () about the world by forming possible solutions to questions, followed by rigorous testing to determine if the proposed solutions are valid A)question B)money C)benefit D)information (6)An experiment is a ()of an event or occurrence in a way that enables a scientist to support or disprove a hypothesis A)test B)examination C)investigation D)recreation (7)The law of conservation of mass states that ()is not gained or lost during a chemical reaction A) reactant B)matter C)resultant D)energy (8)Atoms are ()subunits of matter A) fundamental B) C)little D)functional (9)A catalyst is a substance that alters the rate of a(), but the catalyst itself is not consumed or altered in the process A) process B)reaction C)system D)race (10)The energy contained by moving objects is called ()energy A)potential B) heat C)kinetic D)active (11)Genes are distinct pieces of DNa that determine the characteristics ()displays A)a species B)an individual C)a population D)a family (12)Extinction is the loss of ()and is a common feature of the evolution of organisms A)a number of living creatures B)animals in one area C)everything in one area (13)A lack of ()is the primary factor that determines that an area will be a desert A)water B)vegetation C)animal D)visitors (14) Aquatic ecosystems that have little dissolved o are called freshwater ecosystems A)oxygen B)organic matter C)nutrient D) (15)A base is the opposite of an acid in that it accepts ()in solution A) hydrogen ions B hydroxides c)metal ions D)sodium ions

(4) Risk management is a decision-making process of weighing policy alternatives and selecting the most appropriate regulatory action, integrating the results of risk assessment with engineering data and with social, economic, and political concerns to reach a ( ). A) decision B) conclusion C) solution D) goal (5) The scientific method is a way of gaining ( ) about the world by forming possible solutions to questions, followed by rigorous testing to determine if the proposed solutions are valid. A) question B) money C) benefit D) information (6) An experiment is a ( ) of an event or occurrence in a way that enables a scientist to support or disprove a hypothesis. A) test B) examination C) investigation D) recreation (7) The law of conservation of mass states that ( ) is not gained or lost during a chemical reaction. A) reactant B) matter C) resultant D) energy (8) Atoms are ( ) subunits of matter. A) fundamental B) small C) little D) functional (9) A catalyst is a substance that alters the rate of a ( ), but the catalyst itself is not consumed or altered in the process. A) process B) reaction C) system D) race (10) The energy contained by moving objects is called ( ) energy. A) potential B) heat C) kinetic D) active (11) Genes are distinct pieces of DNA that determine the characteristics ( ) displays. A) a species B) an individual C) a population D) a family (12) Extinction is the loss of ( ) and is a common feature of the evolution of organisms. A) a number of living creatures B) animals in one area C) everything in one area D) an entire species (13) A lack of ( ) is the primary factor that determines that an area will be a desert. A) water B) vegetation C) animal D) visitors (14) Aquatic ecosystems that have little dissolved ( ) are called freshwater ecosystems. A) oxygen B) organic matter C) nutrient D) salt (15) A base is the opposite of an acid in that it accepts ( ) in solution. A) hydrogen ions B) hydroxides C) metal ions D) sodium ions

(16) An estuary is a special category of aquatic ecosystem, that consist of shallow, partially enclosed areas where(enters the ocean A)polluted water B) salty water C)fresh water D)flooding water 4. Write a short article of no more than 100 English words to explain the following figure (16 points Communicate ntn othe scientists Fit with currer scientfic theo- Formulate Test observation hypothesis hypothesis eory or law hypothesis Elements of the Scientific Method and their Relationships 5. Read the following article and answer questions( 15 points The Greater Yellow stone Ecosystem In 1872 the U.s. government established Yellowstone National Park as the world's first national park. It was an expansive area that protected unique natural features such as geysers, hot springs, rivers, lakes, and mountains. It was also a preserve for many kinds of wildlife such as grizzly bears, elk, moose, and bison. At the time it was established, the park was thought to be of adequate size to protect the scenic resources and the wildlife. Since that time, the lands surrounding the park have been converted to a variety of uses, including cattle grazing, timber production, hunting, and mining Fortunately, most of the lands surrounding Yellowstone National Park and the adjacent Grant Teton National Park are still under government control as national forest, national wildlife refuges, and other state, local,or federal entities. Some of the park wildlife, particularly the grizzly bear and bison, often wander across the park boundaries. The grizzly in particular needs large regions of wilderness to survive as a species Many people assert that it is essential that these lands be integrated into a Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem management plan encompassing about 7.3 million hectares(18 million acres). The plan is based on more natural boundaries than the original boundaries established in 1872. This would require changes in the way much of the land surrounding Yellowstone is being used. The trade-offs are significant. Logging, mining, hunting, and grazing

(16) An estuary is a special category of aquatic ecosystem, that consist of shallow, partially enclosed areas where ( ) enters the ocean. A) polluted water B) salty water C) fresh water D) flooding water 4. Write a short article of no more than 100 English words to explain the following figure. ( 16 points ) Elements of the Scientific Method and their Relationships ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Read the following article and answer questions ( 15 points ) The Greater Yellow stone Ecosystem In 1872 the U. S. government established Yellowstone National Park as the world's first national park. It was an expansive area that protected unique natural features such as geysers, hot springs , rivers, lakes, and mountains. It was also a preserve for many kinds of wildlife such as grizzly bears, elk, moose, and bison. At the time it was established, the park was thought to be of adequate size to protect the scenic resources and the wildlife. Since that time, the lands surrounding the park have been converted to a variety of uses, including cattle grazing, timber production, hunting, and mining. Fortunately, most of the lands surrounding Yellowstone National Park and the adjacent Grant Teton National Park are still under government control as national forest, national wildlife refuges, and other state, local, or federal entities. Some of the park wildlife, particularly the grizzly bear and bison, often wander across the park boundaries. The grizzly in particular needs large regions of wilderness to survive as a species. Many people assert that it is essential that these lands be integrated into a Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem management plan encompassing about 7.3 million hectares (18 million acres). The plan is based on more natural boundaries than the original boundaries established in 1872. This would require changes in the way much of the land surrounding Yellowstone is being used. The trade-offs are significant. Logging, mining, hunting, and grazing

would be stopped or significantly reduced. This would result in a loss of jobs in those industries. Proponents argue that additional jobs would be created in the tourist and related service industries. The advantages, they argue,would be equal to or grater than the economic losses caused by stopping current uses. Individual and group decisions result in organizational policies and consumer behavior that support or weaken the ecosystem Questions: (1)What are the main natural features of the Yellowstone National Park, and what are the main species of wild animals there?(5 points) (2)Who is controlling the Yellowstone National Park and its surroundings? Has the wildness been well kept until nowadays?(5 points) (3)What is the meaning of trade-offs"in this article? (5 points)

would be stopped or significantly reduced. This would result in a loss of jobs in those industries. Proponents argue that additional jobs would be created in the tourist and related service industries. The advantages, they argue, would be equal to or grater than the economic losses caused by stopping current uses. Individual and group decisions result in organizational policies and consumer behavior that support or weaken the ecosystem. Questions: (1) What are the main natural features of the Yellowstone National Park , and what are the main species of wild animals there? (5 points) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (2) Who is controlling the Yellowstone National Park and its surroundings? Has the wildness been well kept until nowadays? (5 points) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------- (3) What is the meaning of “trade-offs” in this article? (5 points) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------