西安建筑科技大学：《环境学 Environmentology》双语课程电子课件_Unit 7 Unite 7 Water Management

Environmental Science A Study of interrelationships Unite 7 Water Management

Unite 7 Unite 7 Water Management Environmental Science Environmental Science A Study of interrelationships A Study of interrelationships

Useful Words and Expressions Fresh Water-淡水 Potable water-自来水;饮用水( tap water; drinking water) groundwater-地下水 coolant冷却剂 metabolic activity-新陈代谢活动 The Hydrologic Cycle-水文循环过程 Precipitation-降水 Transpiration-蒸腾(作用) Evaporation-蒸发(作用) Runo-径流 filtration→渗透 Point source-点源 Nonpoint source-面源

Useful Words and Expressions • Fresh Water –淡水 • Potable water –自来水；饮用水（tap water；drinking water ） • groundwater –地下水 • coolant –冷却剂 • metabolic activity –新陈代谢活动 • The Hydrologic Cycle –水文循环过程 • Precipitation –降水 • Transpiration –蒸腾（作用） • Evaporation –蒸发（作用） • Runoff –径流 • Infiltration –渗透 • Point source –点源 • Nonpoint source –面源

Impervious-不受影响的;不透水的 porous-多孔的 paved surface一铺设、硬化的路面 municipal wastewater-市政污水 water withdrawa-取(用)水量 non-consumptive use-非消耗性用水 consumptive use-消耗性用水 domestic use-生活用水 in- stream use一流域内(就地)用水 Water works-给水处理厂( Drinking water treatment plant) purification-(水的)净化 distribution-(水的)输送、分配 coagulation-凝聚 flocculation-絮凝

• impervious – • porous – • paved surface – • municipal wastewater – • water withdrawal – • non-consumptive use – • consumptive use – • domestic use – • in-stream use – • Water Works – • purification – • distribution – • coagulation – • flocculation – 不受影响的；不透水的 多孔的 铺设、硬化的路面 市政污水 取（用）水量 非消耗性用水 消耗性用水 生活用水 流域内（就地）用水 给水处理厂(Drinking water treatment plant) (水的）净化 （水的）输送、分配 凝聚 絮凝

sedimentation-沉淀 filtration-过滤 holding tank中间(水)池 thickening unit-(污泥)浓缩单元 sludge conditioning_污泥调理 tub bath-盆浴 shower-淋浴 spray-喷灌 trickle-滴灌 destruction-破坏 impounded water-被坝所围起来的水 arid region一干旱地区

• sedimentation – • filtration – • holding tank– • thickening unit– • sludge conditioning– • tub bath– • shower– • spray– • trickle– • destruction– • impounded water – • arid region – 沉淀 过滤 中间（水）池 （污泥）浓缩单元 污泥调理 盆浴 淋浴 喷灌 滴灌 破坏 被坝所围起来的水 干旱地区

The Water Issue Water in its liquid form is the material that makes life possible on Earth. All living organisms are composed of cells that contain at least 60 percent water. Furthermore their metabolic activities take place in a water solution Physical Properties Polar: One molecule is slightly positive, and the other is slightly negative Molecules tend to stick together Separate other molecules from each other(solvent) Stores Heat-retains heat Industrial coolant Modifies local climates

The Water Issue • Physical Properties: – Polar: One molecule is slightly positive, and the other is slightly negative. ™ Molecules tend to stick together. ™ Separate other molecules from each other (solvent). ™ Stores Heat-retains Heat ¾ Industrial coolant ¾ Modifies local climates • Water in its liquid form is the material that makes life possible on Earth. All living organisms are composed of cells that contain at least 60 percent water. Furthermore, their metabolic activities take place in a water solution

The Water Issue 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans, which contain over 97% of the water on the Earth(saltwater) Fresh Water is approximately 3% soi(0.41%) Rivers and lakes (0.82%) gRoundwater(20.58%) Of the freshwater found on Ice and glacier 7819%) Earth, only a tiny fraction is available for use Rivers anerlakes(0.02%)-T Soil(0.01%) Groundwater(0.50%) ice and glaciers(1.90%) Potable water: Unpolluted fresh water. suitable for Oceans (9757% drinking Total water

The Water Issue • 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans, which contain over 97% of the water on the Earth (saltwater). – Fresh Water is approximately 3% Of the freshwater found on Earth, only a tiny fraction is available for use. • Potable water: Unpolluted, fresh water, suitable for drinking

The Water Issue For most human as well as some commercial and industrial use, the quality of the water is as important as its quantity The shortage of potable freshwater increases in human populations(demand is increasing for freshwater for industrial, agricultural, and personal needs) and limitations on the supply available can also be directly attributed to human abuse in the form of pollution. (Water dissolves and carries substances from nutrients to industrial and domestic wastes). Water pollution has negatively affected water supplies throughout the world

The Water Issue • For most human as well as some commercial and industrial use, the quality of the water is as important as its quantity. • The shortage of potable freshwater: ----increases in human populations (demand is increasing for freshwater for industrial, agricultural, and personal needs) and limitations on the supply available; ----can also be directly attributed to human abuse in the form of pollution. (Water dissolves and carries substances from nutrients to industrial and domestic wastes) . Water pollution has negatively affected water supplies throughout the world

The Water Issue WHO estimates that about 25 percent of the world's people do not have access to safe drinking water would struggle with serious water shortage 70% of egas's surface revered by oceans, which containSover 97 percent of water. However, saltwater annot be consumed by humans or used for many industrial processes. of the world experiencing water shortage No vulnerabil國 Low vulnerability口 Medium vulnerability■ High vulnerability國 No data

The Water Issue • WHO estimates that about 25 percent of the world’s people do not have access to safe drinking water. Area of the world experiencing water shortage 70% of earth’s surface is covered by oceans, which contain over 97 percent of water. However, saltwater cannot be consumed by humans or used for many industrial processes. would struggle with serious water shortage

The Water Issue It was stated that water could becomes as a major source of world conflict a study by the United Nations in 2002 said that by 2025 one in three people globally could be threatened by shortage of freshwater Quantity of water: The availability of freshwater is highly depend on the amount of water that can be obtained from river, lake and the amount of groundwater Quality of water: Water pollution control

The Water Issue • It was stated that water could becomes as a major source of world conflict. • A study by the United Nations in 2002 said that by 2025, one in three people globally could be threatened by shortage of freshwater. • Quantity of water: • Quality of water: The availability of freshwater is highly depend on the amount of water that can be obtained from river, lake and the amount of groundwater. Water pollution control

Hydrologic cycle All water is locked into a constant recycling process Hydrologic cycle Condensatio Solar energy evaporates of clouds recipitation Solar energy water Evapotranspiration from-leaves Transpiration -Plants Rair Evaporation vaporation from ground giving off water Warm, moist air rises Water Evaporation.) cools, condenses, and table Surfac fromoceans falls as precipitation inoff Some precipitation Groundwater Ocean remains on the surface and evaporates, while most sinks into the soil or returns to the oceans

Hydrologic Cycle • All water is locked into a constant recycling process - Hydrologic Cycle. – Solar energy evaporates water. – Transpiration - Plants giving off water. – Warm, moist air rises, cools, condenses, and falls as precipitation. – Some precipitation remains on the surface and evaporates, while most sinks into the soil or returns to the oceans