《耳鼻喉科学 Otolaryngology》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）pharynx and larynx_12.anatomy and physiology of pharynx

THE PHARYNX1nasopharynx口oropharynx舌族laryngopharynxBEREAwww.ent-hn..com

THE PHARYNX nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx

ThepharynxistheAppliedcommonpassageofthe respiratorytractand the digestive tract.anatomyItextendsfromthebase oftheskullThe pharynx as ato the inlet of thecommon pathwayfor food and air.esophagusatthelevelofthesixthcervical vertebra.It'sabout12~14cmlong

Applied anatomy  The pharynx is the common passage of the respiratory tract and the digestive tract.  It extends from the base of the skull to the inlet of the esophagus at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra.  It’s about 1214cm long. oropharynx laryngopharynx

Structure of pharyngeal wallFromwithoutwardsitconsistsoffourlayers1.Mucousmembrane2. Pharyngeal aponeurosis3.Muscular coat4.Buccopharyngealfascia

Structure of pharyngeal wall From with outwards it consists of four layers 1.Mucous membrane 2. Pharyngeal aponeurosis 3. Muscular coat 4. Buccopharyngeal fascia

1.MucousmembraneIt linesthepharyngeal cavityandiscontinuouswith mucous membraneofeustachiantube,nasal cavity,mouthlarynxandoesophagus.The epithelium is ciliated columnar innasopharynxand stratifiedsquamouselsewhere

1. Mucous membrane  It lines the pharyngeal cavity and is continuous with mucous membrane of eustachian tube, nasal cavity, mouth, larynx and oesophagus.  The epithelium is ciliated columnar in nasopharynx and stratified squamous elsewhere

2.Pharyngeal aponeurosisItisafibrouslayerwhichlinesthemuscularcoatand is particularlythicknearthe base of skull but is thinandindistinctinferiorly

2.Pharyngeal aponeurosis  It is a fibrous layer which lines the muscular coat and is particularly thick near the base of skull but is thin and indistinct inferiorly

3.Muscular coatItconsistoftwolayersofmuscleswiththree muscles in eachlayerExternallayer:contains superior,middleandinferiorconstrictormusclesInternal layer:contains2.stylopharyngeus,salpingopharyngeusandpalatoparyngeusmuscles

3. Muscular coat  It consist of two layers of muscles with three muscles in each layer 1. External layer: contains superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles. 2. Internal layer: contains stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and palatoparyngeus muscles

4.Buccopharyngeal fasciaCoversoutersurfaceofconstrictormuscles.Abovethe upperborderof superiorconstrictor,itblendswithpharyngealaponeurosis

4. Buccopharyngeal fascia  Covers outer surface of constrictor muscles.  Above the upper border of superior constrictor, it blends with pharyngeal aponeurosis

Pharynx:median sectionPharynx:Median SectionNasopharynxOropharynxPhugreadcpeingdphannympkSup.,mid..inf.arSitekcaLaryngopharynxmeatusFrontlsinuSpbenooccipital synchondrosisSphenoidal sinPharyngeul tonileNaalsehumhnusoedocpatborePhuryngealrapheNasophaymxnteriorlongitudnal EigamentSup.n.cSotpuiserioradantooccipitalmembraneniaesdnchApical SigamestdfdenMiddlenasalconchaHindpaeAriiranhOralcavitydachciiecandvehebora)MoeInferornasalconchaDosdaiBodydsrgeC2venevOropharynxnaForamen cecumHardpalatetiguiustIncisiveGeriogkoonSoftpalateEOnmephunngrdcanalfasciaSatdgeUvulaMaxillaRidrEpigloisphaynpaceMundiblePevesbxaCeniohyoldmuckeindaandrariHyoid boneLingualtonsilsbplchHyoepiglonic ligumentThyrohyoidmembangboateaEpiglottisLaryngopharynIaryngral inletadtueMandibleThyroidcaitilageVocal foldGenioglossusm.Transvene arytonoid mncleCaudcadkgVocalfoldTracheThyroidEsophaguMylohyoid m.cart.fsophgrilmslesGeniohyoidm.ThyroidglandCricoidHyoid boneheinglyuddutonucartPreeracheal fasciaHyoepigloticligSupastenalspactManubriumof stemur

Pharynx: median section

PharynxNasopharynxRegionsofPharynx*OropharynxNasopharynxOropharynxlaryngopharynxLaryngopharynx

Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx laryngopharynx

1.nasopharynx openingintothenasalcavity2.oropharynx opening intotheoralcavity3.laryngopharynxopeningintolarynx

 1. nasopharynx opening into the nasal cavity  2. oropharynx opening into the oral cavity  3. laryngopharynx opening into larynx