《耳鼻喉科学 Otolaryngology》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）pharynx and larynx_Foreign bodies in the trachea and bronchus

Foreign bodies in thetracheaand bronchus

Foreign bodies in the trachea and bronchus

Foreign body aspiration can result a spectrum ofchanges, from minimal symptoms, to respiratorycompromise, failure, and even death

◼ Foreign body aspiration can result a spectrum of changes, from minimal symptoms, to respiratory compromise, failure, and even death

A foreign body aspirated into air passage canlodge in the larynx, trachea, or bronchi Site of lodgement would depend on the size andnature ofthe foreign body

◼ A foreign body aspirated into air passage can lodge in the larynx, trachea, or bronchi ◼ Site of lodgement would depend on the size and nature of the foreign body

A large foreign body,unable to pass through theglottis, will lodge in the supraglottic area whilethe smaller one will pass down through thelarynx into the trachea or bronchiForeign bodies with sharp points, e.g. pins,needles,fishbones,etc.can stick anywhere inthe larynx, or tracheobronchial tree

◼ A large foreign body, unable to pass through the glottis, will lodge in the supraglottic area while the smaller one will pass down through the larynx into the trachea or bronchi ◼ Foreign bodies with sharp points, e.g. pins, needles, fish bones, etc. can stick anywhere in the larynx, or tracheobronchial tree

EtiologyForeign body aspiration is most common inchildren aged 6 months to 4 years.-They lack molars for proper grinding of food.-They tend to be running or playing at the time ofaspiration.-They tend to put objects in their mouth morefrequently-They lack coordination of swallowing and glotticclosure

Etiology ◼ Foreign body aspiration is most common in children aged 6 months to 4 years. –They lack molars for proper grinding of food. –They tend to be running or playing at the time of aspiration. –They tend to put objects in their mouth more frequently. –They lack coordination of swallowing and glottic closure

Adults who are unable to protect the airway, arealso at risk of aspiration due to decreased airwayprotective mechanisms-Mental retardation-coma, deep sleep-Alcoholism-Psychoses-Neurologic disorders

◼ Adults who are unable to protect the airway, are also at risk of aspiration due to decreased airway protective mechanisms. –Mental retardation –coma, deep sleep –Alcoholism –Psychoses –Neurologic disorders

foreign bodies like peanuts, beans, seeds,pins,needles are small and smooth, light in weight,even have a cusp which is round and thin. All ofthese character make it is easy to be aspiratedWrong way to take foreign bodies out of theoral cavity, laryngopharynx or the nose cavity

◼ foreign bodies like peanuts, beans, seeds, pins, needles are small and smooth , light in weight, even have a cusp which is round and thin. All of these character make it is easy to be aspirated ◼ Wrong way to take foreign bodies out of the oral cavity, laryngopharynx or the nose cavity

Keep the pin, clasp or nail in mouth whenworking, sometimes aspirated in the trachea andbronchi.Unstableinstrument orresectedtissueglidein tothe trachea when operation is doingSome suicide happen

◼ Keep the pin, clasp or nail in mouth when working, sometimes aspirated in the trachea and bronchi. ◼ Unstable instrument or resected tissue glide in to the trachea when operation is doing ◼ Some suicide happen

A drawing pin in the leftA peanut in the right mainmain bronchusbronchus

A peanut in the right main bronchus A drawing pin in the left main bronchus

AnatomyThe trachea is a 4-5 inch tube that runs throughthe lower neck and chest just anterior to theesophagus. It functions to conduct air betweenthe larynx and primary bronchiIn the wall of the trachea are 16-20hyalinecartilage rings. They stiffen the wall so that the 1inch tracheal lumen stays open and air flowsunimpeded

Anatomy ◼ The trachea is a 4-5 inch tube that runs through the lower neck and chest just anterior to the esophagus. It functions to conduct air between the larynx and primary bronchi ◼ In the wall of the trachea are 16-20 hyaline cartilage rings. They stiffen the wall so that the 1 inch tracheal lumen stays open and air flows unimpeded