《工程测试与信号处理》课程教学资源（文献资料）Presentation of Material

McGraw-Hill CreateTM Review Copyfor Instructor Nicolescu.Not fordistribution.312Measurement Systems666CHAPTER15.REPORTWRITINGANDPRESENTATIONSTable 15.2(Continued)14. Equations(a) Numbered(b) Consistent symbols(c) Match text references15. Tables(a) Titled(b) Numbered(c) Format(d) Units included16.Figures(a) Titled(b) Numbered(c) Coordinate labels(d) Coordinate units(e) Data series labels(f) Line sizes(g) Gridlines(h) Scale markings17. Margins :18. Page numbers19. Grammar and write-up(a) Style(b) Spelling(c)Punctuation,capitalization(d) Other20. Comments15.9ORALPRESENTATIONSTherearemanytimes when an oral presentationmustbemade of theresultsof theexperiments.Sometimes thepersons attendingthispresentationwill havecopiesofa written report and sometimesnot.It is usually besttoplan thepresentation on theassumption that the attendees do not have the report or that, if they have it, they willnot read the report until later.Somepersons choosetopresent justhighlights of the report andfurnish attendeeswithprinted copies of thevisuals employed for thepresentation.The attendees aregiven the printed material at the time of the presentation and may add their ownannotations and markings during the talk.The attendees may or may not read thecomplete report. With or without handout materials some guidelines for planning thepresentations aregivenbelow.1.Determine theaudienceforthepresentation.Aretheylikelytobefamiliar withbackground information on yourtopic?If not,then you should include enoughremarkstoemphasizetheimportanceofthework

666 C H A P T E R 15 • Report Writing and Presentations Table 15.2 (Continued) 14. Equations (a) Numbered (b) Consistent symbols (c) Match text references 15. Tables (a) Titled (b) Numbered (c) Format (d) Units included 16. Figures (a) Titled (b) Numbered (c) Coordinate labels (d) Coordinate units (e) Data series labels (f ) Line sizes (g) Gridlines (h) Scale markings 17. Margins 18. Page numbers 19. Grammar and write-up (a) Style (b) Spelling (c) Punctuation, capitalization (d) Other 20. Comments 15.9 Oral Presentations There are many times when an oral presentation must be made of the results of the experiments. Sometimes the persons attending this presentation will have copies of a written report and sometimes not. It is usually best to plan the presentation on the assumption that the attendees do not have the report or that, if they have it, they will not read the report until later. Some persons choose to present just highlights of the report and furnish attendees with printed copies of the visuals employed for the presentation. The attendees are given the printed material at the time of the presentation and may add their own annotations and markings during the talk. The attendees may or may not read the complete report. With or without handout materials some guidelines for planning the presentations are given below. 1. Determine the audience for the presentation. Are they likely to be familiar with background information on your topic? If not, then you should include enough remarks to emphasize the importance of the work. hol29303_ch15_638-670.pdf 29 ol29303_ch15_638-670.pdf 29 8/12/2011 3:25:18 PM /12/2011 3:25:18 PM 312 Measurement Systems McGraw-Hill Create™ Review Copy for Instructor Nicolescu. Not for distribution

McGraw-Hill CreateTM Review Copyfor lnstructor Nicolescu.Not fordistributionExperimental Methods for Engineers, Eighth Edition31315.10PLANNING SESSIONS ANDCONFERENCES6672.Determinethealloted time for the presentation andplan to stay within this timelimit.If there are to be questions or discussions, then the formal presentationshould end before the overall time limit is reached. It is probably not an over-statement to say that a majority of presenters do not stay within their time limitwhen one is imposed.Typically, when several presentations are scheduled, thepresenters at the end get squeezed for time by early speakers who overtalk.Forthis reasonsome sternmeetingmanagementmayberequiredbythepersonchair-ingthe session.Ofcourse,if no particulartime limit is setforthepresentation,the author should just seta reasonable time independently,taking into accountthe complexity of the report and the audience.One shouldneitherbore theaudi-encewithtoomuchdetailnorleavethem sketchilyinformedwith a presentationwhich is too telegraphic.3.Use slides,overhead viewgraphs,or computer visualsfor thepresentation.If areport has been prepared with good graphics, the slides can be made from fig-ures in the report.For lessformal presentations some blackboard work maybein orderBe sure to heed the advice given in the selection on graphics presen-tations whenpreparingthefigures.Payparticular attention tothe size of labelsfor coordinates and data.Video displays are used increasingly to demonstrateexperimental behavior.The general advice to be offered on this matter is thatprofessional audiovisual personnel be consulted in the preparation,editing,andpresentation stages.Video presentations areusuallyunnecessary except whenmotionmustbedisplayed.In general,higherillumination andfiner resolutioncan be achieved with slides and viewgraphs than with video displays.4.Avoid the use of complicated mathematical relations.If such relations are usedin the report, present only summary comments which will enable the listenerto understand what was done, and for what reason, but without seeing thedetails.5.Don'tleavethe audiencehanging.Be sureto summarizetheresults and conclu-sions with some clear,concisestatements.6. In the question-and-answer session some questioners tend to speak softly andcannot be heard by other people in the audience. It is a good idea to quickly re-peat sucha question,particularly ifyou are using a microphone,so thateveryonewill understand your response.7.Finally,a courteous “thank you"is in order at the close of the presentation.15.10PLANNINGSESSIONSANDCONFERENCESSeldom does an experiment involve only one person. In many cases a very largenumberofpeoplewill beinvolved,anditwillbenecessarytogeteveryonetogetherinsome kind of conference. It is not an overstatement to say that a great amount of time iswastedinconferencesbecausethesessionsarenotcarefullyplannedoradministered.Thefollowing remarks should providesome helpinmaking moreefficient use of thetimedevotedtoconferences ormeetings

15.10 Planning Sessions and Conferences 667 2. Determine the alloted time for the presentation and plan to stay within this time limit. If there are to be questions or discussions, then the formal presentation should end before the overall time limit is reached. It is probably not an over￾statement to say that a majority of presenters do not stay within their time limit when one is imposed. Typically, when several presentations are scheduled, the presenters at the end get squeezed for time by early speakers who overtalk. For this reason some stern meeting management may be required by the person chair￾ing the session. Of course, if no particular time limit is set for the presentation, the author should just set a reasonable time independently, taking into account the complexity of the report and the audience. One should neither bore the audi￾ence with too much detail nor leave them sketchily informed with a presentation which is too telegraphic. 3. Use slides, overhead view graphs, or computer visuals for the presentation. If a report has been prepared with good graphics, the slides can be made from fig￾ures in the report. For less formal presentations some blackboard work may be in order. Be sure to heed the advice given in the selection on graphics presen￾tations when preparing the figures. Pay particular attention to the size of labels for coordinates and data. Video displays are used increasingly to demonstrate experimental behavior. The general advice to be offered on this matter is that professional audiovisual personnel be consulted in the preparation, editing, and presentation stages. Video presentations are usually unnecessary except when motion must be displayed. In general, higher illumination and finer resolution can be achieved with slides and viewgraphs than with video displays. 4. Avoid the use of complicated mathematical relations. If such relations are used in the report, present only summary comments which will enable the listener to understand what was done, and for what reason, but without seeing the details. 5. Don’t leave the audience hanging. Be sure to summarize the results and conclu￾sions with some clear, concise statements. 6. In the question-and-answer session some questioners tend to speak softly and cannot be heard by other people in the audience. It is a good idea to quickly re￾peat such a question, particularly if you are using a microphone, so that everyone will understand your response. 7. Finally, a courteous “thank you” is in order at the close of the presentation. 15.10 Planning Sessions and Conferences Seldom does an experiment involve only one person. In many cases a very large number of people will be involved, and it will be necessary to get everyone together in some kind of conference. It is not an overstatement to say that a great amount of time is wasted in conferences because the sessions are not carefully planned or administered. The following remarks should provide some help in making more efficient use of the time devoted to conferences or meetings. hol29303_ch15_638-670.pdf 30 ol29303_ch15_638-670.pdf 30 8/12/2011 3:25:19 PM /12/2011 3:25:19 PM Experimental Methods for Engineers, Eighth Edition 313 McGraw-Hill Create™ Review Copy for Instructor Nicolescu. Not for distribution

McGraw-Hill CreateTM ReviewCopyforInstructorNicolescu.Notfordistribution314MeasurementSystems668CHAPTER15REPORTWRITINGANDPRESENTATIONS1. Establish the need for the meeting, and tell the attendees in advance.There canbe manypurposes for the conference, such as tobrief all persons on the overallscopeof theproject,to cometoa decision on equipmentpurchases,torecon-cile experimental data, to divide and assign individual responsibilities, etc.Theimportant point is that the purpose(s) be established in advance of the meeting.Don't just get everyone together "to have a meeting."2. Decide in advance who should attend the meeting.Don't involve people need-lessly and waste their time. For example, you don't need anyone from the com-puter center to decide on a pump purchase, but you may want to consult someexperienced shop people.On the other hand, a meeting to discuss data reductionand analysis might properly involve some computer people.3. Schedule the meeting and anticipate the total time needed. Plan to stay withinthat time limit.4.If themeeting is to be ratherlong,establish an agenda with a certain amount oftimeallottedforeachitem.Bereasonableinsettingthesetimelimits.Iftherearefiveagenda items,thisdoes notmeanthateach will consumeone-fifthof thetotal meeting time. The idea is to schedule discussion. Don't let it just happen.Inapolitical sense,theorganizer of themeeting will bewell advisedto schedulenoncontroversial items early in the meeting so that they may be disposed of inan expeditious manner.This accomplishes two objectives:a.It gives a sense of accomplishment and movement to the attendees early-on.b.Itreservestimefordiscussions of morecontroversial/uncertain issuesduringthe overall time which may be available.5.Haveactionitemstobeaccomplished,suchas assignmentofresponsibilitieseither on an individual or subgroup basis,time schedulesfor reporting, or otherspecific tasks.6. If follow-up meetings are necessary, schedule a time for these meetings whichfits the schedule of all participants.7.As inareport, itisagoodideato summarizetheresults ofthemeeting attheclosein case there have been any misunderstandings on someone's part. In addition toa verbal summary at the end of the meeting, the chairperson or the person whocalled the meeting should issue a written summary to the participants at somelatertime.The purpose of the above remarks has not been to complicate overly the task of"holding a meeting."There is some skill to the task, though.The present writer hasseenaskillfulorganizeraccomplishmoreinaone-hoursessionthansomeblunderermight achieve in an all-day meeting.15.11REVIEWQUESTIONS15.1. Why is it important to include units on legends for graphs?15.2.Whyisanomenclature listnecessary?

668 C H A P T E R 15 • Report Writing and Presentations 1. Establish the need for the meeting, and tell the attendees in advance. There can be many purposes for the conference, such as to brief all persons on the overall scope of the project, to come to a decision on equipment purchases, to recon￾cile experimental data, to divide and assign individual responsibilities, etc. The important point is that the purpose(s) be established in advance of the meeting. Don’t just get everyone together “to have a meeting.” 2. Decide in advance who should attend the meeting. Don’t involve people need￾lessly and waste their time. For example, you don’t need anyone from the com￾puter center to decide on a pump purchase, but you may want to consult some experienced shop people. On the other hand, a meeting to discuss data reduction and analysis might properly involve some computer people. 3. Schedule the meeting and anticipate the total time needed. Plan to stay within that time limit. 4. If the meeting is to be rather long, establish an agenda with a certain amount of time allotted for each item. Be reasonable in setting these time limits. If there are five agenda items, this does not mean that each will consume one-fifth of the total meeting time. The idea is to schedule discussion. Don’t let it just happen. In a political sense, the organizer of the meeting will be well advised to schedule noncontroversial items early in the meeting so that they may be disposed of in an expeditious manner. This accomplishes two objectives: a. It gives a sense of accomplishment and movement to the attendees early-on. b. It reserves time for discussions of more controversial/uncertain issues during the overall time which may be available. 5. Have action items to be accomplished, such as assignment of responsibilities either on an individual or subgroup basis, time schedules for reporting, or other specific tasks. 6. If follow-up meetings are necessary, schedule a time for these meetings which fits the schedule of all participants. 7. As in a report, it is a good idea to summarize the results of the meeting at the close in case there have been any misunderstandings on someone’s part. In addition to a verbal summary at the end of the meeting, the chairperson or the person who called the meeting should issue a written summary to the participants at some later time. The purpose of the above remarks has not been to complicate overly the task of “holding a meeting.” There is some skill to the task, though. The present writer has seen a skillful organizer accomplish more in a one-hour session than some blunderer might achieve in an all-day meeting. 15.11 Review Questions 15.1. Why is it important to include units on legends for graphs? 15.2. Why is a nomenclature list necessary? hol29303_ch15_638-670.pdf 31 ol29303_ch15_638-670.pdf 31 8/12/2011 3:25:19 PM /12/2011 3:25:19 PM 314 Measurement Systems McGraw-Hill Create™ Review Copy for Instructor Nicolescu. Not for distribution