北京大学：《微生物学》课程作业习题（英文版）Questions for Eukarya

Questions for Eukarya 1. List the Eukaryotic Microorganism you have learned Eukaryotic microorganism r Algae(ER3): phototrophic eukaryotic miroorganisms Fungi(真菌类): nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls. Slime molds(粘液菌): nonphototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls and that aggregate to form fruiting structures (cellular slime molds) or mass of protoplasm(acellular slime molds) protozoa(原生动物): unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls 2. Describe the differences between various eukaryotic microorganisms The differences between various eukaryotic microorganisms r like below 藻类agae真菌类 fungi粘液菌sime原生动物 mold protozoa 光合作用 细胞 单细胞或群|多细胞(除了酵多/单细胞单细胞 体 母外) 细胞壁 有(除蜂窝藻|有 外) 运动能力 N某个世代(‘变 形虫’世代)有 叶绿体 N N 子实体 菌丝体 N Y 3. Why do algea have various colors? 因含有各种不同类型的色素但主要为叶绿体,但当所含的其它色素如胡萝卜 素较多时则显红色,或其它颜色。 4. How to classify algae? 有:1)叶绿体 2)碳内聚合物 3)细胞壁的结构 4)形态的不同

Questions for Eukarya 1. List the Eukaryotic Microorganism you have learned. Eukaryotic microorganism r : Algae（藻类）: phototrophic eukaryotic miroorganisms Fungi (真菌类) : nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls. Slime molds (粘液菌): nonphototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls and that aggregate to form fruiting structures (cellular slime molds) or mass of protoplasm (acellular slime molds) protozoa(原生动物) : unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls. 2.Describe the differences between various eukaryotic microorganisms. The differences between various eukaryotic microorganisms r like below: 藻类 algae 真菌类 fungi 粘液菌 slime molds 原生动物 protozoa 光合作用 Y N N N 细胞 单 细胞或群 体 多细胞(除了酵 母外) 多/单细胞 单细胞 细胞壁 有（除蜂窝藻 外） 有 N N 运动能力 N N 某个世代(‘变 形虫’世代)有 Y 叶绿体 Y N N N 子实体 N Y Y N 菌丝体 N Y N N 3.Why do algea have various colors? 因含有各种不同类型的色素但主要为叶绿体，但当所含的其它色素如胡萝卜 素较多时则显红色, 或其它颜色。 4.How to classify algae? 有： １）叶绿体。 ２）碳内聚合物 ３）细胞壁的结构 ４）形态的不同

5. List six major algae and describe their characteristics you have learned? Algae group characteristics Morphology Pigments Cell wall reserve materials Chlorophyta Unicellular Chlorophylls Starch Cellulose (Green algae) to leaf b sucrose Euglenophyta Unicellular, Chlorophylls Paramylon (Euglenids flagellated a, b Chrysophyta Unicellular ChlorophyllsLipids Many hav (Golden-brown a. c. e algae, diatoms over-lappin f silica Phaeophyta Filamentous Chlorophylls Laminarin, Cellulo (Brown algae) to leafy, a, c, mannitol occasionally xanthophylls massive and plantlike Pyrrophyta( Unicellular Chlorophylls Starch Cellulose Dinoflagellates flagellated a Rhodophyta Unicellular, Chlorophylls Floridean Cellulose (Red algae filamentous a d, starch to leafy phycocyanin, floridoside phycoerythrin 6. what are the differences and simi larities between fungal cell wall and bacterial cell wall? The differences and similarities between fungal cell wall and bacterial cell wall just like below: Fungal cell wall Bacterial cell wall differences 含80-90%多糖&多聚|含肽聚糖 磷酸盐 多含几丁质,有些含纤维不含几丁质和纤维素 素 similarities 「都含有脂类,蛋白,无机离子

5. List six major algae and describe their characteristics you have learned? Algae group characteristics Morphology Pigments Carbon reserve materials Cell wall Chlorophyta (Green algae) Unicellular to leafy Chlorophylls a, b Starch, sucrose Cellulose Euglenophyta (Euglenids) Unicellular, flagellated Chlorophylls a, b Paramylon _____ Chrysophyta (Golden-brown algae, diatoms) Unicellular Chlorophylls a, c, e Lipids Many have 2 over-lappin g components made of silica Phaeophyta (Brown algae) Filamentous to leafy, occasionally massive and plantlike Chlorophylls a,c, xanthophylls Laminarin, mannitol Cellulose Pyrrophyta ( Dinoflagellates ) Unicellular flagellated Chlorophylls a, c Starch Cellulose Rhodophyta (Red algae) Unicellular, filamentous to leafy Chlorophylls a, d, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin Floridean starch, fluoridoside Cellulose 6. What are the differences and similarities between fungal cell wall and bacterial cell wall? The differences and similarities between fungal cell wall and bacterial cell wall just like below: Fungal cell wall Bacterial cell wall differences 含 80-90% 多糖 & 多聚 磷酸盐 含 肽 聚糖 多含几丁质，有些含纤维 素 不含几丁质和纤维素 similarities 都含有脂类，蛋白，无机离子

7. List the types of fungi you have learned Neurospora, Saccharomyces, Morchella, Amanita, Agaricus, Rhizopus, Allomyces, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, 8. How to classify fungi? Classification of fungi based on Morphological properties(形态特征 Sexual life cycles性世代 )that the fungi exhibit considerable diversity 9. What groups do Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Mucor, Agaricus belong Ascomycetes(子囊菌)- Saccharomyces Basidiomycetes(担子菌)- Agaricus Zygomycetes(接合菌)-Mcor Oomycetes(卵菌)- Allomyces Deuteromycetes(半知菌)- Aspergillu.s 10. Give an example of how cellular slime molds go through their various life cycles Dictyostelium discoideum, a cellular slime mold life cycles r like below: gregation of amoebas 无组织性,聚合成像变形虫一样,可运动。 Migration of the slug formed from aggregated amoebas 由 amoebas成链状排列,形状有规则,可移动 Culmination and formation of the fruiting body Mature fruiting body 11. How do protozoa distinguish themself from algae, yeast, fungi, and slime molds protozoa distinguish from algae by their lack of chlorophy(一般没有 叶绿体); distinguish from yeast and other fungi by their mobility and lack of cell wal(是可运动的,无细胞壁); distinguished from slime molds by their lack of fruiting body formation(无子实体) 12. List five groups of protozoa we have learned MASTIGOPHORA(鞭毛纲), SARCODINA(肉足纲), CILIOPHORA

7. List the types of fungi you have learned. Neurospora, Saccharomyces, Morchella, Amanita, Agaricus, Rhizopus, Allomyces, Penicillium, Aspergillus， Mucor, 8. How to classify fungi? Classification of fungi based on: Morphological properties (形态特征) Sexual life cycles(性世代)that the fungi exhibit considerable diversity 9. What groups do Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Mucor, Agaricus belong to? Ascomycetes (子囊菌) - Saccharomyces Basidiomycetes (担子菌) - Agaricus Zygomycetes (接合菌) - Mucor Oomycetes (卵菌) - Allomyces Deuteromycetes (半知菌) - Aspergillus 10. Give an example of how cellular slime molds go through their various life cycles. Dictyostelium discoideum, a cellular slime mold life cycles r like below: Aggregation of amoebas: 无组织性，聚合成像变形虫一样，可运动。 Migration of the slug formed from aggregated amoebas: 由 amoebas 成链状排列，形状有规则，可移动。 Culmination and formation of the fruiting body Mature fruiting body 11. How do protozoa distinguish themself from algae, yeast, fungi, and slime molds protozoa distinguish from algae by their lack of chlorophyll (一般没有 叶绿体); distinguish from yeast and other fungi by their mobility and lack of cell wall(是可运动的，无细胞壁); distinguished from slime molds by their lack of fruiting body formation(无子实体). 12. List five groups of protozoa we have learned. MASTIGOPHORA（鞭毛纲）, SARCODINA（肉足纲）, CILIOPHORA

(纤毛纲), SPOROZOA(孢子纲), EUGLENOIDS(眼虫纲) 13. Which protozoa causes the African Sleeping Sickness? Trypanosoma Gambiense 14. What is the unique properties of Paramecium? 有2个细胞核:小核具有繁殖的功能,大核具有在细胞的不同阶段转录不同 mRNA的功能。 15. Give an example of one protozoa that causes health problem 疟原虫( Malaria Parasites)

（纤毛纲）, SPOROZOA（孢子纲）, EUGLENOIDS（眼虫纲） 13. Which protozoa causes the African Sleeping Sickness? Trypanosoma Gambiense 14. What is the unique properties of Paramecium? 有２个细胞核：小核具有繁殖的功能，大核具有在细胞的不同阶段转录不同 ｍＲＮＡ 的功能。 15. Give an example of one protozoa that causes health problem. 疟原虫（Malaria Parasites）