中国人民解放军陆军军医大学（第三军医大学）：《医学发育生物学 Development Biology》课程教学资源（PPT课件）02 胚胎干细胞分化机制（牛建钦，英文）

罕久学 胚胎干细胞分化机制 牛建钦 组织胚胎学教研室 2018.12.18

牛建钦 组织胚胎学教研室 2018.12.18

Question If you were an embryonic stem cell researche how you will use embryonic stem cells for tissue regeneration? What information you need to look for What experiments you need do What insidious risks you need to concern

If you were an embryonic stem cell researcher, how you will use embryonic stem cells for tissue regeneration ?  What information you need to look for  What experiments you need do  What insidious risks you need to concern

What is Embryonic stem cell Embryonic stem cells(es cells)are e pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a endometrium blastocyst, an nner cell mass (embryoblast early-stage pre trophoblast implantation blastocyst cavity embryo (blastocoele)

 Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre￾implantation embryo

What is Embryonic stem cell Embryonic stem cells(es cells)are s pluripotent stem A Epiblast cells derived from ICM Primitive endoderm the inner cell globo mass of a TE Trophectoderm blastocyst, an early-stage pre Early blastocyst Late blastocyst implantation E3.5 E4.5 embryo Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

 Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre￾implantation embryo

Origin resh Pluripotent stem cells Embryo from adult and infant tissue Frozen Genetic Reprogramming Poor-quality embryo of adult cell(IPsc Excess embryo EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS Parthenogenesis Dead embryo Somatic nucleus transfer eneticallydeficient embryo From animal From modified Biospy from oocytes nucleus blastocyst

Characteristics of Embryonic Stem Cells 1.O1 Derived from pre-implantation or peri-implantation embryo Embryonic stem cells of the inner cell mass are 2. Self-Renewal The cells can divide to make copies of themselves for a pluripotent, having prolonged period of time without differentiating a normal karyotype e maintaining high telomerase activity 3. Pluripotency: Embryonic stem cells can give rise to and exhibiting cells from all three embryonic germ layers even after being grown remarkable long- in culture for a long time term proliferative The three germ layers and one example of a cell type derived from each layer potential Ectoderm Endoderm Neur Blood celis Livr cell

 Embryonic stem cells of the inner cell mass are pluripotent, having a normal karyotype, maintaining high telomerase activity, and exhibiting remarkable long￾term proliferative potential

Propagation the ability to self- renew stem cell Asymmetric division instead of SYMMETRIC DIVISION giving rise to two of stem cell the same cells, you get one regular cell ASYMMETRIC and another stem DIVISION Limitless progenitor cell replication telomeres

 The ability to self￾renew.  Asymmetric division: instead of giving rise to two of the same cells, you get one regular cell and another stem .  Limitless replication: telomeres

Pluripotent the inner cell mass are are able to differentiate to primitive ectoderm They ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm These include more than 220 cell types in the adult bod

 The inner cell mass are are able to differentiate to primitive ectoderm.  They ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.  These include more than 220 cell types in the adult body

They are able to differentiate to generate primitive ectoderm OVerlap CDX2 OOCT3 TE 8-cell 16-cell Blastocyst E25 E3.0 E3.5 OGATA6 NAnog Epiblast Pr finitive endoderm Trophectoderm Early blastocyst Late blastocyst E3.5 E4.5 Nature Reviews I Molecular Cell Biology

1. They are able to differentiate to generate primitive ectoderm

2. That ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm GERM LAYER BECOMES I Ectoderm Outer layer of skin, hair, lining of the nose and mouth, and the nervous system Endoderm Digestive tract, respiratory tract, liver, and pancreas GASTRULATION E Mesoderm Muscles and skeleton The second phase of development is gastrulation, a migration of blastocyst cells inward, leading to multiple distinct layers of tissue called germ layers. Mesoderm Amnion Ectoderm Inner cell Endoderm mass G Cells of the inner A gastrula develops The cells continue to push The mesoderm is ell mass begin to when cells begin to inward, forming the endo- formed, as additional differentiate as the migrate inward, form- derm. Cells that remain on cells migrate inward amnion forms Ing an indentation. the outer surface of the between the endo gastrula are called ectoderm, derm and ectoderm

2. That ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm