北京外国语大学：《音位学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）音韵理论 Phonological Theory

Phonological Theory Beijing Foreign Studies University 2008

Phonological Theory Beijing Foreign Studies University 2008

1. Development of phonology The phoneme theory Distinctive features SPE (Chomsky Halle 1968) a Division of phonetics and phonology Integrated phonology Laboratory phonology

2 1. Development of phonology ◼ The phoneme theory ◼ Distinctive Features ◼ SPE (Chomsky & Halle 1968) ◼ Division of phonetics and phonology ◼ Integrated phonology ◼ Laboratory phonology

Modules of stud Phonemes and allophones Sv syllables Stress Intonational and tonal phonology Prosody(metrical phonology) Phonological acquisition and cognition Language impairment

3 Modules of study ◼ Phonemes and allophones ◼ Syllables ◼ Stress ◼ Intonational and tonal phonology ◼ Prosody (metrical phonology) ◼ Phonological acquisition and cognition ◼ Language impairment

Phonology in Generative Grammar Syntax Phonetic form Semantic Form Generative Phonology

4 Phonology in Generative Grammar Syntax Phonetic Form Semantic Form ◼ Generative Phonology

Three stages of Generative Phonology Linear theories a SPE (standard theory) Chomsky n. halle M. 1968. The sound Pattern of English. Harper ROW/MIT. THE SOUND PATTERN a Natural Generative Phonology 口 Natural Phonology -{

5 Three stages of Generative Phonology ◼ Linear theories ❑ SPE (standard theory): Chomsky, N. & Halle, M. 1968. The Sound Pattern of English. Harper & Row/MIT. ❑ Natural Generative Phonology ❑ Natural Phonology

Non-linear theories a Lexical Phonology a Autosegmental Phonology a Metrical Phonology a Dependency Phonology a Government Phonology o CVC Phonology a Declarative Phonology

6 ◼ Non-linear theories ❑ Lexical Phonology ❑ Autosegmental Phonology ❑ Metrical Phonology ❑ Dependency Phonology ❑ Government Phonology ❑ CV/VC Phonology ❑ Declarative Phonology

Constraint-based theory a Optimality Theory(OT): Prince, A R smolensky, P. 1993/2002 Optimality theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar. Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky ms. Rutgers University. 2004 Published by Blackwell optimality theory Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar 1=

7 ◼ Constraint-based theory ❑ Optimality Theory (OT): Prince, A. & Smolensky, P. 1993/2002. Optimality theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar. ms. Rutgers University. 2004. Published by Blackwell

SPE ■Rule- based. Derivational: derivation from underlying to surtace form A→B/XY

8 SPE ◼ Rule-based. ◼ Derivational: derivation from underlying to surface form. A → B / X__Y

OT Constraint-based Development of generative phonology. a Very different way of representation Can be used for syntax and acquisition studies Aims at cognitive explanations

9 OT ◼ Constraint-based. ◼ Development of generative phonology. ◼ Very different way of representation. ◼ Can be used for syntax and acquisition studies. ◼ Aims at cognitive explanations

Constraints are universal Languages differ in the ranking of constraints Constraints can be contradictory and can be violated

10 ◼ Constraints are universal. ◼ Languages differ in the ranking of constraints. ◼ Constraints can be contradictory and can be violated