黑龙江农业经济职业学院：《经济法基础》课程教学资源（PPT课件，双语版）第十章 国民收入核算的指标与方法——国民收入核算的基本方法 The Basic Methods of National Income Accounting

10.2 The Basic Methods of National Income Accounting 国民收入核算的基本方法

国民收入核算的基本方法 10.2 The Basic Methods of National Income Accounting

教学目标 Objectives: 掌握支岀法计算国民收入的基本方法 ˉ掌握收入法计算国民收入的基本方法 ■掌握增值法计算国民收入的基本方法 知识点 Knowledge: 支出法、收入法、增值法 技能点Ski 学会计算国民生产总值

教学目标Objectives： ▪ 掌握支出法计算国民收入的基本方法 ▪ 掌握收入法计算国民收入的基本方法 ▪ 掌握增值法计算国民收入的基本方法 知识点Knowledge： 支出法、收入法、增值法 技能点Skills： 学会计算国民生产总值

专业词汇 Professional terms households National Income Accounting real flow money flow payments leakages Injections Withdrawals import investment expenditure consumer spending employment the expenditure approach the income approach the gross value added approach

households National Income Accounting real flow money flow payments Leakages injections Withdrawals import investment expenditure consumer spending employment the expenditure approach the income approach the gross value added approach 专业词汇Professional terms

Real and Money Flows The figure below divides the economy into two sections or sectors made up of households and firms HOUSEHOLDS Factor income Consumption Goods Markets Markets FIRMS

Real and Money Flows The figure below divides the economy into two sections or sectors made up of households and firms

There are two types of flow(an amount per time period) between these groups: A real flow. Households own factor services which they hire out to firms. Factor services are then used to manufacture goods and services A money flow. Households receive payments for their services(income) and use this money to buy the output of firms(consumption)

There are two types of flow (an amount per time period) between these groups: A real flow. Households own factor services which they hire out to firms. Factor services are then used to manufacture goods and services. A money flow. Households receive payments for their services (income) and use this money to buy the output of firms (consumption)

Leakages or Withdrawals from the circular flow Not all income will flow from households to firms directly. The circular flow below shows that some part of household income will be Put aside for future spending ie saved Paid to the government in taxes Spent on foreign made goods imported into the country

Leakages or Withdrawals From the Circular Flow Not all income will flow from households to firms directly. The circular flow below shows that some part of household income will be: ▪ Put aside for future spending, ie saved. ▪ Paid to the government in taxes. ▪ Spent on foreign made goods imported into the country

+SANGS H夏EHJD TAXATION .IMPORTS Factor iCoNic CIAy Merits Markets FIRMAS

Injections Into the Circular Flow These flows out of the circular flow of income will be counterbalanced by flows back in. These flows are known as injections. These may take the form of Other firms. ie investment expenditure The government, ie government expenditure Foreigners ie export expenditure

Injections Into the Circular Flow These flows out of the circular flow of income will be counterbalanced by flows back in. These flows are known as injections. These may take the form of: ▪Other firms, ie investment expenditure. ▪The government, ie government expenditure. ▪Foreigners, ie export expenditure

The diagram shows the impact of these iniections on the circular flow. YSAVNGS HOUSEHOLDS TAXATION -AIMPORTS Factor Income Comsumption Goods Markets Markets - -INVES TMENT FIRMS GOVERNMENT SPENDING EXPORTS

The diagram shows the impact of these injections on the circular flow:

、支出法 the expenditure approach 支出法也称为最终产品法或产品流动法。 Q1P1+Q2P2+……+QP=GNP 国民生产总值(GNP)=个人消费(C)+投资(I) 政府购买(G)+净出口(出口X一进口M)

一、支出法 the expenditure approach 支出法也称为最终产品法或产品流动法。 Q1P1＋Q2P2＋……＋QNPN ＝ GNP 国民生产总值（GNP）= 个人消费（C）＋投资（I ） ＋政府购买（G）＋净出口（出口X－进口M）