厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第十四章 芳香化合物（14.1-14.2）Introduction

Chapter 14 Aromatic Compounds 芳香化合物

Chapter 14 Aromatic Compounds 芳香化合物

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 14 14. Introduction Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 14 14.1 Introduction

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 14 o Compounds were classified as being either aliphatic or aromatic in the latter part of the nineteenth century o To be classified as aliphatic meant then that the chemical behavior of a compound was fatlike g to be classified as aromatic meant then that the compound had a low hydrogen/carbon ratio and that it was "fragrant> Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 14 Compounds were classified as being either aliphatic or aromatic in the latter part of the nineteenth century. To be classified as aliphatic meant then that the chemical behavior of a compound was “fatlike”. To be classified as aromatic meant then that the compound had a low hydrogen/carbon ratio and that it was “fragrant

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 14 14.2 Nomenclature of benzene Derivatives Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 14 14.2 Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 14 o Two systems are used in naming monosubstituted benzene o Benzene as a parent name. (nO2,-NO, - X,-OR,-R) o Benzene ring and the substituent taken together form a new parent name or benzene ring as a substitutent oh,NH,,CO2H,-sO3 H,-CN-CHO, -R) Benzene as A Parent Name NO NO OCHoCH Chlorobenzene Nitrobenzene nitrosobenzene ethoxy benzene 氯苯 硝基苯亚硝基苯乙氧基苯 Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 14 Two systems are used in naming monosubstituted benzene. Benzene as a parent name.(–NO2, –NO, –X, –OR, –R) Benzene ring and the substituent taken together form a new parent name or benzene ring as a substitutent. (–OH, –NH2 ,–CO2H, –SO3H, –CN, –CHO, –R) Benzene as A Parent Name Benzene as A Parent Name Cl NO2 NO OCH2CH3 氯苯 硝基苯 亚硝基苯 乙氧基苯 Chlorobenzene Nitrobenzene Nitrosobenzene Ethoxybenzene

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 14 o alkyl-substituted benzene are named in tow different ways depending on the size of the alkyl group oR≤6— benzene ring as the parent name(akyl substituted benzene) oR>6, orr containing a functional group benzene ring as a substituent(phenyl substituted hydrocarbon HOcH CH(CH CH2CH2CH2CH3 C(CH3)3 Ethylbenzene isopropylbenzene butylbenzene tert-Butylbenzene Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 14 Alkyl-substituted benzene are named in tow different ways depending on the size of the alkyl group: R 6 —benzene ring as the parent name(alkyl￾substituted benzene); R 6, or R containing a functional group — benzene ring as a substituent (phenyl￾substituted hydrocarbon) CH2CH3 Ethylbenzene CH(CH3)2 Isopropylbenzene C(CH3)3 tert-Butylbenzene CH2CH2CH2CH3 Butylbenzene

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 14 Benzene Ring as A Substitutent CH CH Ch(CH, CH2 CH(Ch2)4Ch3 CH3CH2CH-CHCH 1-Pheny heptane 2-Pheny heptane 2-Methyl-3-phenylpentane 1-苯基庚烷2-苯基庚烷 2-甲基-3-苯基戊烷 Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 14 Benzene Ring as A Substitutent Benzene Ring as A Substitutent CH3 CH(CH2)4CH3 2-苯基庚烷 CH3CH2CH CHCH3 CH3 2-甲基-3-苯基戊烷 CH2(CH2)5CH3 1-苯基庚烷 1-Phenylheptane 2-Phenylheptane 2-Methyl-3-phenylpentane

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 14 Benzene Ring as A Substitutent CHoCHOH CH=CH2CH3-CH-C≡CH 2-Phenylethanol Phenylethene 3-Phenyl-l-butyne styrene 2-苯基乙醇 苯乙烯 3-苯基-1-丁炔 ChCH -CH 1, 2-Diphenylethane Triphenylmethane 1,2-二苯基乙烷 三苯基甲烷 Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 14 Benzene Ring as A Substitutent Benzene Ring as A Substitutent CH2CH2OH 2-Phenylethanol CH CH2 (styrene) Phenylethene CH3 CH C CH 3-Phenyl-1-butyne 2-苯基乙醇 苯乙烯 3-苯基-1-丁炔 CH2CH2 CH 1,2-二苯基乙烷 三苯基甲烷 1,2-Diphenylethane Triphenylmethane

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 14 Benzene Ring and the substituent Taken Together Form a New parent name OH NH CO2H SOn Phenol Aniline Benzoic acid Benzenesulfonic aci 苯酚苯胺苯甲酸苯磺酸 Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 14 Benzene Ring and the Substituent Taken Together Form a New Parent Name Benzene Ring and the Substituent Taken Together Form a New Parent Name OH NH2 CO2H SO3H Phenol Aniline Benzoic acid Benzenesulfonic acid 苯酚 苯胺 苯甲酸 苯磺酸

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chapter 14 COCH3 OCH Acetophenone Anisole Toluene (1-Phenylethanone )(Methoxybenzene)(Methylbenzene) 苯乙酮 茴香醚(苯甲醚)甲苯 Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University Chapter 14 Toluene COCH3 OCH3 CH3 Acetophenone Anisole 苯乙酮 茴香醚(苯甲醚) 甲苯 (1-Phenylethanone) (Methoxybenzene) (Methylbenzene)