《近代中国对外关系史 The History of Modern China's Foreign Relations》课程教学资源（PPT讲稿）Week 5 - The Self Strengthening Movement and the CMCS, 1861-1885

THE SELF-STRENGTHENING MOVEMENT AND THE CHINESE MARITIME CUSTOMS Week 5 1861-1885

THE SELF-STRENGTHENING MOVEMENT AND THE CHINESE MARITIME CUSTOMS, 1861-1885 Week 5

THE THRONE OF THE QING EMPIRE Emperor Xianfeng,1850-1861. Regent Prince Gong,Empress Cian and Empress Cixi, 1861-1865 成离福发篇流鵠后天复母业令营同清大 Empress Cian and Empress Cixi,1865-1881 (Emperor Tongzhi,1873). Empress Cixi,1881-1889. Emperor Guangxu,1889-1898. Empress Cixi,1898-1908. Empress Longyu and Regent Prince Chun Zaifeng,1908- 1911. Empress Longyu,1911-1912

THE THRONE OF THE QING EMPIRE Emperor Xianfeng, 1850-1861. Regent Prince Gong, Empress Cian and Empress Cixi, 1861-1865 Empress Cian and Empress Cixi, 1865-1881 (Emperor Tongzhi, 1873). Empress Cixi, 1881-1889. Emperor Guangxu, 1889-1898. Empress Cixi, 1898-1908. Empress Longyu and Regent Prince Chun Zaifeng, 1908- 1911. Empress Longyu, 1911-1912

THE PRINCES OF THE QING EMPIRE Prince Gong Yixin, Prince Chun Yixuan,1884- Prince Qing Yikuang,1891- 1861-1884. 1890. 1905

THE PRINCES OF THE QING EMPIRE Prince Gong Yixin, 1861-1884. Prince Chun Yixuan, 1884- 1890. Prince Qing Yikuang, 1891- 1905

ZONGLI YAMEN AND GRAND COUNCIL 规王、廊王名 本翼 出任時間 卸任時間 1862-光緒十年：奕訢、文祥、寶鋆 恭积王奕近 Regent 1861年1月20日 18B4年4月8日 光緒十一年二十年：世鐸、額勒和布、 座靓王奕盟 1884年4月12日 1894年9月29日 張之萬。 基积王奕近 Grand Council 1894年9月29日 1898年5月29日 光緒二十一年二十四年：奕訢、世鐸、 翁同龢· 变积王奕团 1898年5月29日 1900年6月10日 光緒二十五年二十九年：世鐸、榮祿 城郡王拉烫 1900年6月10日 1900年9月25日 光緒三十年宣統三年：奕劻、王文韶、 瞿鴻機。 变积王奕助 1900年9月25日 1901年7月24日

ZONGLI YAMEN AND GRAND COUNCIL 親王、郡王名 本職 出任時間 卸任時間 恭親王奕䜣 Regent 1861年1月20日 1884年4月8日 慶親王奕劻 1884年4月12日 1894年9月29日 恭親王奕䜣 Grand Council 1894年9月29日 1898年5月29日 慶親王奕劻 1898年5月29日 1900年6月10日 端郡王載漪 1900年6月10日 1900年9月25日 慶親王奕劻 1900年9月25日 1901年7月24日 1862-光緒十年：奕訢、文祥、寶鋆 光緒十一年-二十年：世鐸、額勒和布、 張之萬。 光緒二十一年-二十四年：奕訢、世鐸、 翁同龢。 光緒二十五年-二十九年：世鐸、榮祿 光緒三十年-宣統三年：奕劻、王文韶、 瞿鴻機

THE INAUGURATION OF THE IMPERIAL MARITIME CUSTOMS Complexity: 1.Education:Tongwenguan,Customs College. 2.Communications:Telegrams,Postal Service,Meteorology, Harbour Management,Lighthouse,Waterway,etc. 3.Finance:Foreign and domestic debts,currency exchange. 4.Diplomacy:World Exhibition,diplomatic negotiations. 5.Institution:Anti-smuggling fleet,central statistics,and quarantine. Cosmopolitanism: 1.Inspector-General:2 Englishmen,2 Ulstermen,1 Japanese and 1 American. GOVERNMENT.IMPERIALSM AND NATIONALISM IN CHINA 2.Staff:Over 20 nationalities. 3.Trade:16 Nations with Most Favoured Nation Status

THE INAUGURATION OF THE IMPERIAL MARITIME CUSTOMS Complexity: 1. Education: Tongwenguan, Customs College. 2. Communications: Telegrams, Postal Service, Meteorology, Harbour Management, Lighthouse, Waterway, etc. 3. Finance: Foreign and domestic debts, currency exchange. 4. Diplomacy: World Exhibition, diplomatic negotiations. 5. Institution: Anti-smuggling fleet, central statistics, and quarantine. Cosmopolitanism: 1. Inspector-General: 2 Englishmen, 2 Ulstermen, 1 Japanese and 1 American. 2. Staff: Over 20 nationalities. 3. Trade: 16 Nations with Most Favoured Nation Status

VARIETY AND MODERN CHINESE HISTORY 1.Education "The Making of New Chinese Bureaucrats:The Customs College and the Chinese Customs Staff,1908-1949" 2.Finance:"World War I and China's Financial Reorganisation:The Boxer Indemnity, Foreign Debt and National Loans",The Establishment of Financial Security during the North-South Military Deadlock:the 1911 Revolution and the Stewardship of the Customs Surplus“ 3.Institution "The Statistical Department of the Chinese Maritime Customs and the Chinese Statistical System,1859-1911

1. Education： “The Making of New Chinese Bureaucrats: The Customs College and the Chinese Customs Staff, 1908-1949” 2. Finance: “World War I and China’s Financial Reorganisation: The Boxer Indemnity, Foreign Debt and National Loans” , The Establishment of Financial Security during the North-South Military Deadlock: the 1911 Revolution and the Stewardship of the Customs Surplus “ 3. Institution： “The Statistical Department of the Chinese Maritime Customs and the Chinese Statistical System, 1859-1911” VARIETY AND MODERN CHINESE HISTORY

COSMOPOLITANISM AND MODERN CHINESE HISTORY 1.IG Robert Hart,Ulsterman,Frederick Maze,Ulsterman,Kishimoto Hirokichi,Japanese and Lester Little,American Hart: 1."Discrepancies and Controversies in Modern Chinese History:A Reconsideration of the Debates surrounding the"Hart Industry",1900-2012" 2."Imperium in Imperio:Robert Hart,the Chinese Maritime Customs Service and its(Self-)Representations" 3."The Life-Writing of Sir Robert Hart,Inspector-General of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service". Maze: "The United Maritime Customs in Divided China:Sir Frederick Maze and the Wang Jingwei Government,1940-1941" Kishimoto: 1."International Politics and Wartime Ambiguities,1927-1945:The Japanese Staff in the Chinese Maritime Customs Service" Little: The Chinese Journals of L.K.Little,1943-54:An Eyewitness Account of War and Revolution 2.Staff:"Investigation of Post-War Staff and the Rehabilitation of the Chinese Maritime Customs,1943-1945" 3.Trade:"The Opening of the Treaty Ports and the Foreign Expansion in China,1870-1881:The Spatio-Temporal Presentation by Geographic Information System

1. IG：Robert Hart, Ulsterman, Frederick Maze, Ulsterman, Kishimoto Hirokichi, Japanese and Lester Little, American Hart: 1. “Discrepancies and Controversies in Modern Chinese History: A Reconsideration of the Debates surrounding the “Hart Industry”, 1900-2012” 2. “Imperium in Imperio: Robert Hart, the Chinese Maritime Customs Service and its (Self-) Representations” 3. “The Life-Writing of Sir Robert Hart, Inspector-General of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service”。 Maze: “The United Maritime Customs in Divided China: Sir Frederick Maze and the Wang Jingwei Government, 1940-1941” Kishimoto: 1. “International Politics and Wartime Ambiguities, 1927-1945: The Japanese Staff in the Chinese Maritime Customs Service” Little: The Chinese Journals of L. K. Little, 1943-54: An Eyewitness Account of War and Revolution 2. Staff: “Investigation of Post-War Staff and the Rehabilitation of the Chinese Maritime Customs, 1943-1945” 3. Trade: ”The Opening of the Treaty Ports and the Foreign Expansion in China, 1870-1881: The Spatio-Temporal Presentation by Geographic Information System” COSMOPOLITANISM AND MODERN CHINESE HISTORY

IHE DISIRIBUIION UF CUSIOM HOUSES IN CHINA 大清帝國

THE DISTRIBUTION OF CUSTOM HOUSES IN CHINA

SIR ROBERT HART IN HIS STUDY