《心理学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿，英文版）Behavioral Learning Theories

Chapter 4 Behavioral learning theories o 4.1 Thorndike's connectionism o 4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndike: 1874-1949, American educational psychologist o 1891-1895, studied English literature in Wesleyan Ur nevers 1895-1897, studied psychology in Harvard Unviversity. James) o 1897-1898, studied in Columbia University, and got his Ph d(Kattel) o 1912 became Chairman ofpa

Chapter 4 Behavioral Learning Theories ⚫ 4.1 Thorndike’s Connectionism ⚫ 4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndike:1874-1949, American educational psychologist. ⚫ 1891-1895,studied English literature in Wesleyan University. ⚫ 1895-1897,studied psychology in Harvard Unviversity.(James) ⚫ 1897-1898, studied in Columbia University, and got his PH.D.(Kattel) ⚫ 1912, became Chairman of APA

Thorndike's connectionism o 4.1.2 Major theoretical notions o Thorndike called the association between sense impressions and impulses to action a bond or a connection. This marked the first formal attempt to link sensory events to behavior. Earlier brands of associationism attempted to show how ideas became lin ked together; thus Thorndike's approach is quite different and can be regarded as the first modern theme, of learning. His emphasis on the functional aspects of behavior is due mainly to the influence of darwin. In fact. Thorndike's theory can be understood as a combination of associationism, Darwinism, and the methods of science

Thorndike’s Connectionism ⚫ 4.1.2 Major theoretical notions ⚫ Thorndike called the association between sense impressions and impulses to action a bond or a connection. This marked the first formal attempt to link sensory events to behavior. Earlier brands of associationism attempted to show how ideas became linked together; thus Thorndike's approach is quite different and can be regarded as the first modern theme, of learning. His emphasis on the functional aspects of behavior is due mainly to the influence of Darwin. In fact, Thorndike's theory can be understood as a combination of associationism, Darwinism, and the methods of science

Thorndike's Connectionism o Thorndike's concern was not only for stimulus conditions and tendencies to action but also for what held the stimulus and response together He believed they were connected by a neural bond. His theory is called connectionism, the connection referred to being the neural connection between stimuli(s)and responses (R)

Thorndike’s Connectionism ⚫ Thorndike's concern was not only for stimulus conditions and tendencies to action but also for what held the stimulus and response together. He believed they were connected by a neural bond. His theory is called connectionism, the connection referred to being the neural connection between stimuli (S) and responses (R)

Thorndike's connectionism o 4.1.2 Major theoretical notions o Experimental foundation: puzzle box middle or a chain hanging from its top. pushing e o a small confining box with a pole sticking up in the against the pole or pulling on the chain enabled the animal to escape. Some arrangements, however required the animal to engage in a complex series of responses before it could escape. Different responses were called for at different times in Thorndike's experiments, but the idea was always the same --the animal had to perform in a certain way before it was allowed to leave the box

Thorndike’s Connectionism ⚫ 4.1.2 Major theoretical notions ⚫ Experimental foundation:puzzle box ⚫ a small confining box with a pole sticking up in the middle or a chain hanging from its top. Pushing against the pole or pulling on the chain enabled the animal to escape. Some arrangements, however, required the animal to engage in a complex series of responses before it could escape. Different responses were called for at different times inThorndike's experiments, but the idea was always the same--the animal had to perform in a certain way before it was allowed to leave the box

Thorndike's Connectionism 4.1.2 Major theoretical notions Learning is incremental, not insightful o Learning is not mediated by ideas o*all mammals learn in the same manner

Thorndike’s Connectionism ⚫ 4.1.2 Major theoretical notions ⚫ ﹡Learning is incremental ,not insightful ⚫ ﹡Learning is not mediated by ideas ⚫ ﹡all mammals learn in the same manner

Thorndike's Connectionism 4.1.3 Ideas before 1930 o The law of readiness o The law of exercise o The law of effect

Thorndike’s Connectionism ⚫ 4.1.3 Ideas before 1930 ⚫ The law of readiness ⚫ The law of exercise ⚫ The law of effect

Thorndike's Connectionism 4.1.3 Ideas before 1930 o Secondary concepts before 1930 ● Multiple response ● Set or attitude o Prepotency of elements ● Response by analogy ● Associative shifting

Thorndike’s Connectionism ⚫ 4.1.3 Ideas before 1930 ⚫ Secondary concepts before 1930 ⚫ Multiple response ⚫ Set or attitude ⚫ Prepotency of elements ⚫ Response by analogy ⚫ Associative shifting

Thorndike's Connectionism 41. 4 Ideas after 1930 o Revised law of exercise ● Revised law of effect ● Belongingness ● Spread of effect

Thorndike’s Connectionism ⚫ 4.1.4 Ideas after 1930 ⚫ Revised law of exercise ⚫ Revised law of effect ⚫ Belongingness ⚫ Spread of effect

Thorndike's Connectionism 4.1.5 Thorndike on education ●4.1.6 Evaluation of thorndike’ s theory ● Contribution ● criticism

Thorndike’s Connectionism ⚫ 4.1.5 Thorndike on education ⚫ 4.1.6 Evaluation of Thorndike’s theory ⚫ Contribution ⚫ criticism