《心理学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿，英文版）Chapter 5 Cognitive Learning Theories：Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology

Chapter 5 Cognitive Learning Theories: Learning theory of gestalt Psychology 5.1 About gestalt Psychology ● The founder of Gestalt psychology o Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)

Chapter 5 Cognitive Learning Theories: Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology ⚫ 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology ⚫ The founder of Gestalt psychology: ⚫ Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of gestalt psychology o 5.1 About gestalt Psychology o before1900, studied law, philosophy 1901-1904, studied psychology and philosophy at the universities of Prague, berlin o 1904, received Ph.D. at wurzburg uni o 1916-1929, taught in Uni. of Berlin o 1919. professor in Frankfurt o Wertheimer came to the United states in 1933, shortly before the nazis seized power in germany 1933-43, joined the graduate faculty of the new School for social research o Productive Thinking(1945) after his death

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology ⚫ 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology ⚫ before1900,studied law,philosophy. ⚫ 1901-1904,studied psychology and philosophy at the universities of Prague, Berlin. ⚫ 1904, received Ph.D. at Würzburg Uni. ⚫ 1916-1929,taught in Uni. of Berlin ⚫ 1919, professor in Frankfurt. ⚫ Wertheimer came to the United States in 1933, shortly before the Nazis seized power in Germany. ⚫ 1933–43, joined the graduate faculty of the New School for Social Research ⚫ Productive Thinking (1945 ) after his death

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of gestalt Psychology ●5. About gestalt Psychology ● Cofounders ofg p Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967), G erman American psychologIS

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology ⚫ 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology ⚫ Cofounders of G.P. ⚫ Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967), German￾American psychologist

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology o was born in Reval, estonia. 1905-1906, attended the universities of Tubingen, Bonn(1906-1907) and Berlin o received his ph.D. in 1909 for a dissertation on psycho-acousticS. 0 1913, became director of the Anthropoid station through world war I 1925-26, a visiting professor at Clark University 1934-35. William James lecturer at harvard o 1935, visiting professor at the University of Chicago o The mentality of apes (1917)

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology ⚫ 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology ⚫ was born in Reval, Estonia. ⚫ 1905-1906, attended the universities of Tübingen, Bonn (1906-1907) and Berlin ⚫ received his Ph.D. in 1909 for a dissertation on psycho-acoustics. ⚫ 1913, became director of the Anthropoid Station through World War I. ⚫ 1925-26,a visiting professor at Clark University ⚫ 1934-35, William James Lecturer at Harvard ⚫ 1935, visiting professor at the University of Chicago. ⚫ The mentality of apes(1917)

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology 5.1 About gestalt Psychology ● Cofounders of g p ● Kurt Kofta(1886 1941)

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology ⚫ 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology ⚫ Cofounders of G.P. ⚫ Kurt Koffka(1886- 1941)

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology o 5.1 About gestalt Psychology o born in Berlin, Germany, in 1886 o 1903-1908, studied philosophy and psy. at the Uni. of Edinburgh in Scotland and uni. of berlin. o 1910. went to work as assistants to friedrich Schumann at the psychological Institute in Frankfurt o 1924. went to America and worked in Connel uni Wisconsin Uni. And Smith College till his death o Koffka introduced it to the united states and systematized gestalt psychology into a coherent body of theories o The Principles of gestalt psychology(1935)

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology ⚫ 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology ⚫ born in Berlin, Germany, in 1886 ⚫ 1903-1908, studied philosophy and psy. at the Uni.of Edinburgh in Scotland and Uni. of Berlin. ⚫ 1910, went to work as assistants to Friedrich Schumann at the Psychological Institute in Frankfurt ⚫ 1924, went to America and worked in Connel Uni., Wisconsin Uni. And Smith College till his death. ⚫ Koffka introduced it to the United States and systematized Gestalt psychology into a coherent body of theories. ⚫ The Principles of Gestalt Psychology(1935)

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology o 5.1 About gestalt psychology o while the behavioralistic attack on the introspective method of wundt and Titchener in 1913, a group of German psychologists began their attacks in 1912. The entire gestalt movement started as the result of an insight Wertheimer had while riding a train heading for the rhineland It occurred to him that if two lights blink on and off at a certain rate they give the observer the impression that one light is moving back and forth. Then, he conducted a experiment in his hotel room. and the results confirmed his idea. He called it the phi phenomenon (the illusion of motion or the apparent motion )

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology ⚫ 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology ⚫ While the behavioralistic attack on the introspective method of Wundt and Titchener in 1913, a group of German psychologists began their attacks in 1912. ⚫ The entire Gestalt movement started as the result of an insight Wertheimer had while riding a train heading for the Rhineland. It occurred to him that if two lights blink on and off at a certain rate, they give the observer the impression that one light is moving back and forth.Then, he conducted a experiment in his hotel room, and the results confirmed his idea. He called it the phi phenomenon(the illusion of motion or the apparent motion)

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology o 5.1 About Gestalt psychology o For this experiments, Gestalt psychologists believed that although psychological experiences result from sensory elements they are different from sensory elements themselves. In other words, phenomenological experience results from sensory experience, but cannot be understood by analyzing the phenomenal experience into its components. The phenomenological experience is different from the parts that make it up

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology ⚫ 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology ⚫ For this experiments, Gestalt psychologists believed that although psychological experiences result from sensory elements, they are different from sensory elements themselves. In other words, phenomenological experience results from sensory experience, but cannot be understood by analyzing the phenomenal experience into its components. The phenomenological experience is different from the parts that make it up

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology 5.1 About Gestalt psychology o Gestalt is the german word for configuration or pattern. They believed that we experience the world in meaningful wholes. The whole is different from the sum of its parts(dissect is to distort). For instance, you cannot get the full impact of the Mona lisa by looking at first one arm and then another then the nose, then the mouth and then trying to put all these experiences together. another example is listening to music

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology ⚫ 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology ⚫ Gestalt is the German word for configuration or pattern. They believed that we experience the world in meaningful wholes.The whole is different from the sum of its parts(dissect is to distort). For instance, you cannot get the full impact of the Mona Lisa by looking at first one arm and then another, then the nose, then the mouth and then trying to put all these experiences together.Another example is listening to music

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of gestalt Psychology 5.2 the experimental foundation o It was Kohler who did the most important work a bout learning between 1913 and 1917at the Uni. of berlin Anthropoid station on Tenerife islands in africa. his famous work is The mentality of apes. o A series of experiments conducted by Kohler

Chapter 5 Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology ⚫ 5.2 the experimental foundation ⚫ It was Kohler who did the most important work about learning between 1913 and 1917 at the Uni.of Berlin Anthropoid Station on Tenerife islands in Africa. His famous work is The Mentality of Apes. ⚫ A series of experiments conducted by Kohler: