吉林大学：《地球科学概论》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）Chapter 1-1 Meet Planet Earth

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Chapter 1: Meet Planet Earth

G eology a Geology is the science of studying Earth a Geologists study the Earth's processes, such as a Volcanism Glaciation Stream-flow a Rock formation

Geology ◼ Geology is the science of studying Earth. ◼ Geologists study the Earth’s processes, such as: ◼ Volcanism. ◼ Glaciation. ◼ Stream-flow. ◼ Rock formation

Geologists Also Study a Chemistry to understand Minerals Dissolved minerals Minerals resources Rocks formation Ground water

Geologists Also Study : ◼ Chemistry, to understand: ◼ Minerals. ◼ Dissolved minerals. ◼ Minerals resources. ◼ Rocks formation. ◼ Ground water

Geologists Also Study (2 a Physics to understand Plate tectonics a Volcanism Earthquakes. Landslides Biology, to understand: How life processes integrate with other earth systems How life has evolved Fossils in the rocks

Geologists Also Study :(2) ◼ Physics, to understand: ◼ Plate tectonics. ◼ Volcanism. ◼ Earthquakes. ◼ Landslides. ◼ Biology, to understand: ◼ How life processes integrate with other Earth systems. ◼ How life has evolved. ◼ Fossils in the rocks

Geologists Also Study : 3) a Meteorology, to understand: Stream flow Groundwater levels Oceanography, to understand Seafloor's role in plate tectonics Shorelines

Geologists Also Study : (3) ◼ Meteorology, to understand: ◼ Stream flow. ◼ Groundwater levels. ◼ Oceanography, to understand: ◼ Seafloor’s role in plate tectonics. ◼ Shorelines

Geologists Also Study : (4) Astronomy. a Mathematics Computer sciences Economics to understand how humans employ Minerals Energy resources

Geologists Also Study : (4) ◼ Astronomy. ◼ Mathematics. ◼ Computer sciences. ◼ Economics, to understand how humans employ: ◼ Minerals. ◼ Energy resources

What Do Geologists Do a They seek to understand all processes that operate on and inside the earth a They study: Our planets long history. Water bodies(rivers and lakes). Hazardous processes such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flood, and landslides Rocks Spot surface patterns a They use ground-penetrating radar

What Do Geologists Do ? ◼ They seek to understand all processes that operate on and inside the Earth. ◼ They study: ◼ Our planet’s long history. ◼ Water bodies (rivers and lakes). ◼ Hazardous processes such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flood, and landslides. ◼ Rocks. ◼ Spot surface patterns. ◼ They use ground-penetrating radar

Physical Versus Historical Geology a Historical geology Chronology of events, both physical and biological, that have occurred in the past The past is the biggest clue to the present. Physical geology a Concerned with understanding the processes and the materials

Physical Versus Historical Geology ◼ Historical geology ◼ Chronology of events, both physical and biological, that have occurred in the past. ◼ The past is the biggest clue to the present. ◼ Physical geology ◼ Concerned with understanding the processes and the materials

Physical Geology Also studies Plate tectonics Rocks Volcanism Minerals Earthquakes Air Landslides Seawater a Floods Soil Formation of mineral deposits. Sand a Mountain-building Shore erosion Landscape formation

Physical Geology Also Studies ◼ Plate tectonics. ◼ Volcanism. ◼ Earthquakes. ◼ Landslides. ◼ Floods. ◼ Formation of mineral deposits. ◼ Mountain-building. ◼ Shore erosion. ◼ Landscape formation. ◼ Rocks. ◼ Minerals. ◼ Air. ◼ Seawater. ◼ Soil. ◼ Sand

How Rapid Are geologic processes? During 17-18 centuries, people believed that earth's features(mountains, valleys, oceans, rivers) were permanent and had been produced by a few great upheavalS) 变 This theory is called catastrophism

How Rapid Are Geologic Processes? ◼ During 17~18 centuries, people believed that Earth’s features (mountains, valleys, oceans, rivers) were permanent and had been produced by a few great upheavals剧 变. ◼ This theory is called Catastrophism