同济大学：《大学物理》课程教学资源（电子教案，英文版）量子2

Duality

Duality

Agenda today 1.The duality of particle 2.The experiment evidence for wave nature of particles 3.Heisenberg's uncertainty relations

Agenda today 1. The duality of particle 2. The experiment evidence for wave nature of particles 3. Heisenberg’s uncertainty relations

Given for one instant an intelligence which could comprehend all the forces by which nature is animated and the respective positions of the things which compose it...nothing would be uncertain,and the future as the past would be laid out before its eyes. Pierre Simowde Laplace;1776

Given for one instant an intelligence which could comprehend all the forces by which nature is animated and the respective positions of the things which compose it...nothing would be uncertain, and the future as the past would be laid out before its eyes. Pierre Simon de Laplace, 1776

Matter waves(物质波) De Borglie suggested that particles as electrons also have wavelike property. h 8=hf 入 Where A is called de borglie wavelength

Matter waves（物质波）   hf  h p  De Borglie suggested that particles as electrons also have wavelike property. Where  is called de borglie wavelength

Davisson-Germer experiment(1927)(戴维逊革 末实验) vacuum Bragg angle Electron Single-crystal gun Nickel

Davisson-Germer experiment(1927)（戴维逊革 末实验） I  vacuum Electron gun Single-crystal Nickel U Bragg angle

入= p mov For maximum current 2瓷 (0=123）

For maximum current

U=k 12.25 2d sin 0 3.06 4 1y2 The experiment result

2 sin  12.25 d U  k 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3.06 1 2 V The experiment result

The diffraction of electrons by thin gold foil hosas G.P.Thomson

The diffraction of electrons by thin gold foil G.P.Thomson

The quantification of angular momentum h 2m=n入=n my h ..mvr=n =nh 2元

The quantification of angular momentum

Electron microscope

Electron microscope