浙江大学：《高级微观经济学》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）Lecture 3 Advanced microeconomics

Advanced microeconomics (LECTURE 3: production theory I) Ye Jianliang

Advanced Microeconomics (LECTURE 3:production theory III) Ye Jianliang

Cost Minimization Content Definitions Properties of cost function WACM Some forms of cost functions lecture 3 for Chu Kechen Honors College

lecture3 for Chu Kechen Honors College Cost Minimization ▪ Content: • Definitions • Properties of cost function • WACM • Some forms of cost functions

1. Definitions One production, cost function is c(w, q=min WX x≥0 St.f(x)≥q The optimal solution x(w, q), is the conditional factor demand function Question1: calculate the conditional factor demand function of c-d tech and ces tech lecture 3 for Chu Kechen Honors College

lecture3 for Chu Kechen Honors College 1.Definitions ▪ One production, cost function is ▪ The optimal solution x(w,q), is the conditional factor demand function. ▪ Question1:calculate the conditional factor demand function of C-D tech. and CES tech. 0 ( , ) min . . ( ) x c q s t f x q  =   w w x

1. Definitions Recall the cost minimization condition let x>0, then set Lagrangian (2x)=wx-4(f(x)-q) We got w=nVf(X) he What a is? lecture 3 for Chu Kechen Honors College

lecture3 for Chu Kechen Honors College 1.Definitions ▪ Recall the cost minimization condition, let x>0, then set Lagrangian: ▪ We got: see the fig. ▪ What is? L ( , ) ( ( ) )   x wx x = − − f q  f ( ) w x =  

2. Properties of cost function Proposition: c(w, q) is homogeneous of degree 1 in w, and non-decreasing in q Proposition 2: c(w, q) is concave function of Proposition3: x(w, g) is homogeneous of degree 0 in w Proposition4: if v(q) is convex, then is x( if v(g is strictly convex, x(. is single point lecture 3 for Chu Kechen Honors College

lecture3 for Chu Kechen Honors College 2.Properties of cost function ▪ Proposition1: c(w,q) is homogeneous of degree 1 in w, and non-decreasing in q. ▪ Proposition2: c(w,q) is concave function of w. ▪ Proposition3: x(w,q) is homogeneous of degree 0 in w. ▪ Proposition4:if V(q) is convex, then is x(.) if V(q) is strictly convex, x(.) is single point

2. Properties of cost function Propositions: Shephard's lemma)if x(w, q) is single point, then x(w,q=c(w, q Proposition6: Dx(w, q)=Dc(w, q)is symmetric negative semi-definite, and Dx(w,q)·W=0 Proposition: if f( )is HD1, c( and x(.is HD1 too, if f( )is concave, c( is convex in q lecture 3 for Chu Kechen Honors College

lecture3 for Chu Kechen Honors College 2.Properties of cost function ▪ Proposition5: (Shephard’s lemma) if x(w,q) is single point, then ▪ Proposition6: is symmetric negative semi-definite, and see the fig. ▪ Proposition7: if f(.) is HD1, c(.) and x(.) is HD1 too, if f(.) is concave, c(.) is convex in q. ( , ) ( , ) w x w w q c q = 2 ( , ) ( , ) D q D c q w w x w w = ( , ) 0 D q w x w w =

3 WACM Weak Axiom of Cost Minimization ( WACm) if xs, xt are in Y, and choice by firm under price ws and wt. thenw'x<w'x. we can get △w△x<0 lecture 3 for Chu Kechen Honors College

lecture3 for Chu Kechen Honors College 3.WACM ▪ Weak Axiom of Cost Minimization (WACM): if x s , x t are in Y, and choice by firm under price ws and wt . then . we can get:  t t t s w x w x    w x 0

3 WACM 2 X X B X B lecture 3 for Chu Kechen Honors College

lecture3 for Chu Kechen Honors College 3.WACM x2 x A x1 x B x2 x A x1 x B

3 WACM 2 X B lecture 3 for Chu Kechen Honors College

lecture3 for Chu Kechen Honors College 3.WACM x2 x A x1 x B x2 x A x1 x B VI VO

4 Some forms of cost functions If x=(x, x), corresponding price w=(w, wr) and x,=2 is the limited factor(fixed assets While x, =x, (w,a,x, is the variable factor The total cost is C(w,a,,)=STC=SCV+FC=w,X, w,q,x,)+wX SAC=C(,q,x)/ q, SAVC=w,X, ( w,a,x )7 SAFC=WX q, SC=OC(,q,x,)/dc lecture 3 for Chu Kechen Honors College

lecture3 for Chu Kechen Honors College 4.Some forms of cost functions ▪ If , corresponding price , and is the limited factor (fixed assets), while is the variable factor. The total cost is ( , ) = v f x x x ( , ) w w w = v f f x = z ( , , ) v v f x x w x = q ( , , ) ( , , ) f v v f f f c q STC SCV FC q w x w x w x w x = = + = + ( , , ) / , ( , , ) / / , ( , , ) / f v v f f f f SAC c q q SAVC q q SAFC q SMC c q q = = = =   w x w x w x w x w x