《植物生物学》植物界

按照植物发畏和进化水平,将植物分为: 绿藻门,褐藻门 藻类 低等植物 红藻门,轮藻门 (无胚植物)(地衣 孢子植物 (隐花植物) 苔藓植物门 高等植物 裸蕨类 (有胚植物) 蕨类植物楔叶类 石松类 维笞植物门 真蕨类 裸子植物 种子植物 被子植彩∫双子叶植物 (显花植物) 单子叶植物

第六节 植物界 低等植物 （无胚植物） 孢子植物 （隐花植物） 藻类 地衣 按照植物发展和进化水平，将植物分为： 高等植物 （有胚植物） 苔藓植物门 维管植物门 裸蕨类 楔叶类 石松类 真蕨类 蕨类植物 裸子植物 被子植物 种子植物 双子叶植物 （显花植物） 单子叶植物 红藻门，轮藻门 绿藻门，褐藻门

第六节植物界 Characteristics of Plants Characteristics Carotenoids Characteristics of Plants 类胡萝卜素 1 Are multicellular and have cells specialized to lorm tissues and 2: Contain chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids, store reserve food as starch. and have cellulose walls 3. Have gametangia sex organs) with an outer layer of nonreproductive cells, which prevents desiccation of 4. Protect the developing embryo from drying out by providing it with water anumutnents venue emde reproductive structure. 5. Have a life cycle that is described as alternation of generations All plants, members of the Kingdom Plantae, have certain characteristics in common

Characteristics of Plants Carotenoids 类胡萝卜素 第六节 植物界

Characteristics All plants have life cycles with an alternation of sporophyte generations. This life cycle consists diploid sporophyte sporangium stage followed by a haploid gametophyte zygote stage. A trend in the evolution of plants is diploid (2n tert面 zation towards a reduction in haploid (n) the size and independence of the multicellular gametophyte. Fe gametes res example, in the itive group the gametophyte neophyte is free-living and is th (n) most conspicuous stage of the life cycle On the other hand. in the advanced flowering

植物进化的规律: 古生物证据已经说明,植物界的发畏过程是循看由低级至高 级,由简单到复杂,由单细胞到多细胞,从没有分化到有器 官和性的分化,从水生到陆生方向演化

第六节 植物界 植物进化的规律： 古生物证据已经说明，植物界的发展过程是循着由低级至高 级，由简单到复杂，由单细胞到多细胞，从没有分化到有器 官和性的分化，从水生到陆生方向演化

植物的演化 Characteristics LE a first seed plants Cooksonia I first vascular plant Plants arose from an ancestor that was similar to the green algae present today. The first plants were semi-terrestrial, non-vascular non-seed-producing species. Their direct descendants are the mosses of today. Vascular plants evolved about 430 million years ago and invaded the land. The first vascular plants were similar to the ferns of today. More recently, plants with seeds evolved. The gymnosperms, such as the pines, appeared first. They have naked seeds. Later, the owering plants, appeal Mark Page h Help =Print ceru bst a fr

植物的演化

蒸类 1、绿藻门 形态多样,单细胞 群体、丝状体和叶状 100pm 体 叶绿素与高等植物 样 储藏的营养物质是淀 团藻 粉和油类 Fu2614 Colonial and multicellular green algae, fai Species of 淡水种粪90%,海产“ aed celis enbedded an common 种类约占10% 石莼属 cones teen here w eventually release the smal 代表:石莼、水绵、 green and red"'daughter coionies within them(LM 1Species of Bryopsis form branching aments that lack aoss walls and, thus, are multinucleate(LM).(c) (团藻、小球藻) va, ar sea lettuce is a te atively complex, eo ble rare alga with a thallus (body) diferentiated into leaf. p blades and a rootlike hold ant that anchors the tha 进化意义 naganst turbulent tides and waves (o) Spirogyra is a corrugating filamentous aiga. Cells of a mating pair ae ed by conjugation tubes, through wthich amoeboid ttes will migrate srom the male and unie with 水绵属

一、藻类 1、绿藻门 形态多样，单细胞、 群体、丝状体和叶状 体； 叶绿素与高等植物一 样 储藏的营养物质是淀 粉和油类 淡水种类90％，海产 种类约占10 ％ 代表：石莼、水绵、 （团藻、小球藻） 进化意义 团藻 水绵属 石莼属

石莼生活史中 Mature 的世代交替 MPE MEIOSIS )2y80 同型世代交替 FERTILIZATION Zoospores SEXUAL Isomorphic alternation REPRODUCTION of generations MITOST Gametophytes Diploid Haplo Figure 26.16 Alternation of generations in the life cycle of U/va. The haploid, sexual generation (gametophyte) produces the diploid, asexual generation(sporophyte), and vice versa. In this case, the two generations are isomorphic. or identical in morphology

石莼生活史中 的世代交替 同型世代交替 Isomorphic alternation of generations

藻类 2、红藻门 Rhodophyta 主要生话在海水 大多是多细胞,丝状或片状体 绿素a叶绿素d和β胡萝卜素, 细胞含藻红素和少量藻蓝素 Fiqure 26 19 A red alga. Coralline algae contrbute to the great coral 储藏的营养物质为红藻淀粉 红 经济价值 代表:紫莱

第六节 植物界 一、藻类 2、红藻门 Rhodophyta 主要生活在海水 ▪ 大多是多细胞，丝状或片状体 ▪ 叶绿素a叶绿素d和β胡萝卜素, ▪ 细胞含藻红素和少量藻蓝素 ▪ 储藏的营养物质为红藻淀粉 ▪ 经济价值 ▪ 代表：紫菜 红 藻

Photosynthetic protists Brown algae are found along temperate-zone shorelines. They are the most complex algae. They are multicellular and the larger species are known as seaweeds or kelp. Seaweeds may also be members of the red alga

3、褐藻门 Phaeophyta 多数海产 最大的多细胞藻类 叶绿素a、少量叶绿素C,特殊的叶黄素 储藏的营养物质为褐藻淀粉、甘露醇和油等 多数含碘量较高 代表:海帶

3、褐藻门 Phaeophyta 多数海产 最大的多细胞藻类 叶绿素a 、少量叶绿素c，特殊的叶黄素 储藏的营养物质 为褐藻淀粉、甘露醇和油等 多数含碘量较高 代表：海带