四川大学：《绿色化学》课程教学资源（PPT课件）第五章 绿色化学方法 Techniques in Green Chemistry

Chapter 5 Techniques in Green Chemistry

Chapter 5 Techniques in Green Chemistry

Chapter 5 Techniques in Green Chemistry ❖ 5.1 The performance of Catalysts in Chemical reaction ❖ 5.2 Green Chemistry and Catalysis ❖ 5.3 The Design of High Efficient and Safe Catalyst ❖ 5.4 Changing Starting Material for Chemical reaction ❖ 5.5 Changing Reagents ❖ 5.6 Changing the solvent of Chemical Reaction ❖ 5.7 Process Control and Process Intensification ❖ References

Chapter 5 Techniques in Green Chemistry ❖ 5.1 The performance of Catalysts in Chemical reaction ❖ 5.2 Green Chemistry and Catalysis ❖ 5.3 The Design of High Efficient and Safe Catalyst ❖ 5.4 Changing Starting Material for Chemical reaction ❖ 5.5 Changing Reagents ❖ 5.6 Changing the solvent of Chemical Reaction ❖ 5.7 Process Control and Process Intensification ❖ References

5.1 The performance of Catalysts in Chemical reaction

5.1 The performance of Catalysts in Chemical reaction

Samples for the Application of Catalysts N o reacta nts prod ucts catalyst T/K p/M Pa pha se The role of catalyst 1 1/2N2 ＋ 3/2H2 NH3 Fe￾K2O/Al2O3 723 40.53 Gas￾solid Accelerate reaction rate 2 a C2H4 ＋ 1/2O2 CH3CHO PdCl2 -V comple x 540 0.1013 liqu id Control the Selectivity for different products

Samples for the Application of Catalysts N o reacta nts prod ucts catalyst T/K p/M Pa pha se The role of catalyst 1 1/2N2 ＋ 3/2H2 NH3 Fe￾K2O/Al2O3 723 40.53 Gas￾solid Accelerate reaction rate 2 a C2H4 ＋ 1/2O2 CH3CHO PdCl2 -V comple x 540 0.1013 liqu id Control the Selectivity for different products

2b C 2 H 4 ＋ 1/2O 2 C 2 H 4 O Ag/Al 2 O 3 520 0.1013 gas - soli d 2c C 2 H 4 ＋3O 2 2CO 2 ＋ 2H 2 O Ni 520 0.1013 Gas - solid 3a nC 3 H 6 [C 3 H6 ] n O 2 420~ 450 202.6 gas 3b nC 3 H 6 [C 3 H6 ] n Cr 2 O 3·SiO 2·Al 2 O 3 or MO 3·Al 2 O 3 420~ 450 3.1 Gas - solid - liquid 3c nC 3 H 6 [C 3 H6 ] n Ziegler - Natta 373 0.1013 Gas - solid - liquid 4 2 -(6 - 甲 氧基 - 2 萘基 ) 丙 烯酸＋氢 左旋二羟 基苯丙氨 酸(L￾naproxen) Ru Gas - solid - liquid

2b C 2 H 4 ＋ 1/2O 2 C 2 H 4 O Ag/Al 2 O 3 520 0.1013 gas - soli d 2c C 2 H 4 ＋3O 2 2CO 2 ＋ 2H 2 O Ni 520 0.1013 Gas - solid 3a nC 3 H 6 [C 3 H6 ] n O 2 420~ 450 202.6 gas 3b nC 3 H 6 [C 3 H6 ] n Cr 2 O 3·SiO 2·Al 2 O 3 or MO 3·Al 2 O 3 420~ 450 3.1 Gas - solid - liquid 3c nC 3 H 6 [C 3 H6 ] n Ziegler - Natta 373 0.1013 Gas - solid - liquid 4 2 -(6 - 甲 氧基 - 2 萘基 ) 丙 烯酸＋氢 左旋二羟 基苯丙氨 酸(L￾naproxen) Ru Gas - solid - liquid

5a CH3CH2OH C 2 H 4 ＋ H 2 O Al 2 O 3 623~ 683 Gas ,soli d Control the Selectivity for different products 5b CH3CH2OH （ C 2 H 5 ） 2 O ＋ H 2 O Al 2 O 3 523 Gas ,soli d 6a CH 4 ＋ O 2 CO ＋H 2 Ni/Al 2 O 3 673~ 1273 0.1013~ 10 5 h －1) Gas ,soli d Control the Selectivity for different products 6b CH 4 ＋ O 2 CO 2 ＋H2O Ni/Al 2 O 3 ＞673 0.1013 气 体时空 速率 ~1000 h－1 Gas ,soli d

5a CH3CH2OH C 2 H 4 ＋ H 2 O Al 2 O 3 623~ 683 Gas ,soli d Control the Selectivity for different products 5b CH3CH2OH （ C 2 H 5 ） 2 O ＋ H 2 O Al 2 O 3 523 Gas ,soli d 6a CH 4 ＋ O 2 CO ＋H 2 Ni/Al 2 O 3 673~ 1273 0.1013~ 10 5 h －1) Gas ,soli d Control the Selectivity for different products 6b CH 4 ＋ O 2 CO 2 ＋H2O Ni/Al 2 O 3 ＞673 0.1013 气 体时空 速率 ~1000 h－1 Gas ,soli d

The application of catalysts to chemical reaction ❖ Accelerate the chemical reaction rate ❖ Accelerate selectively the one of the several thermodynamically possible reactions and yield selectively the special products. ❖ Namely, the use of catalysts can control the selectivity for special products. ❖ Control the enantioselectivity of reaction

The application of catalysts to chemical reaction ❖ Accelerate the chemical reaction rate ❖ Accelerate selectively the one of the several thermodynamically possible reactions and yield selectively the special products. ❖ Namely, the use of catalysts can control the selectivity for special products. ❖ Control the enantioselectivity of reaction

❖ Synthesize the special conformation of chiral isomers ❖ Incorporate with reaction conditions, and control the selectivity of chemical reaction. Catalyst has been called as molecular machine ❖ It is the most important of high selectivity and atom economy in bios-process, and all the reactions in biomass are catalyzed by enzyme. ❖ high specificities, selectivity and atom economy

❖ Synthesize the special conformation of chiral isomers ❖ Incorporate with reaction conditions, and control the selectivity of chemical reaction. Catalyst has been called as molecular machine ❖ It is the most important of high selectivity and atom economy in bios-process, and all the reactions in biomass are catalyzed by enzyme. ❖ high specificities, selectivity and atom economy

Catalyst has been called as molecular machine Hence, those enzyme have been called as Molecular Machine ADP ATP ATP ADP ATP→AD ADP P+Pi ATP ADP A hand-over-hand mechanism for kinesin

Catalyst has been called as molecular machine Hence, those enzyme have been called as Molecular Machine ADP ATP ATP ADP ATP→AD ADP P+Pi ATP ADP A hand-over-hand mechanism for kinesin

❖ Recent investigations have reported that not only enzyme acts as molecular machine but also the common catalysts own the similar functions. ❖ The classical example is the metal cyclopentadiene(环戊二烯) complex which was used as the catalyst in olefin polymerization Catalyst has been called as molecular machine

❖ Recent investigations have reported that not only enzyme acts as molecular machine but also the common catalysts own the similar functions. ❖ The classical example is the metal cyclopentadiene(环戊二烯) complex which was used as the catalyst in olefin polymerization Catalyst has been called as molecular machine