北京大学：《植物生物学 Plant Biology》精品课程教学资源（电子教案）第15讲 呼吸作用 Respiration

呼吸作用 Respiration Respiration is the process of taking complex carbon compounds, breaking them down into simpler molecules, and simultaneously generating the ATP used to power other metabolic process amyloplast glucose cytosol (6-C) ery living starch Glucose glycolysis 2 3-C acid_ anaerobic 2 ethanol+2 Co2 fermentation +some ATP (pyruvic) 3-c acid (citric) Krebs 5-C acid 10 NADH 4-c acid Cycle 0 2 FADH 4-C acid photosynthesis electron transport chain mitochondrion cyto chrome system chloroplast Net Equation for Respiration H20 c6H1206+602-6C02+6H20+ energy 36 ATP

呼吸作用 Respiration z Respiration is the process of ta Respiration is the process of taking complex carbon compounds, b king complex carbon compounds, breaking reaking them down into simpler molecu them down into simpler molecules, and simultaneously generating les, and simultaneously generating the ATP used to power other metabolic process. ATP used to power other metabolic process

Fuel rich in Waste products chemical poor in chemical energy Heat energy energy Gasoline Carbon dioxide Combustion Kinetic energy of movement Vate (a) Energy conversion in a car Heat energy Cellular respiration Carbon dioxide Food ATP Water Energy for cellular work b) Energy conversion in a cell Copyright o 2001 by Benjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesley

Adenosine ePP→ AdenosineHP-P)+ (transferred to other molecules) ATP ADP Copyright o 2001 by Benjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesley

Activity Food calories consumed per hour by a 150-pound person Food Food calories Running (7 min/mi) Bean burrito Dancing(fast) Cheeseburger Swimming(2 mph) Spaghetti with sauce (1 cup) 260 Bicycling (racing 514 Pizza with pepperoni (1 slice Dancing (slow) 202 Peanuts (1 ounce Bicycling(sowy□170 Baked potato(plain)□145 Walking(3 mph)158 Aple□125 Playing the piano73 Fried chicken(drumstick)120 Drivin ng a car口61 Garden salad (2 cups)[56 Sitting (writing) 28 Broccoli(1cup)冒44 Popcorn (plain, 1 cup)1 31 *Not including energy necessary for basic functions, such as breathing and heartbeat (a) Food calories (kilocalories) in various foods (b) Food calories(kilocalories) we burn in various activities Copyright o 2001 by Benjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesley

Types of respiration呼吸作用的类型 Cell respiration is in fact a process of oXidation-reduction reaction, and it could be classified into two types based on the terminal electron acceptor in the reaction Aerobic respiration有氧呼吸—— The terminal electron acceptor is oxygen in the respiration Anaerobic respiration无氧呼吸—— Under the condition without oxygen, the terminal electron acceptor is other alternatives o The terminal electron acceptor is the intermediates of the metabolic pathway Fermentation(发酵) o The terminal electron acceptor is one kind of outside acceptor(but not oxygen), e.g. NO3", NO2, SO42, CO2 and so on

Types of Respiration 呼吸作用的类型 Cell respiration is in fact a process of oxidation Cell respiration is in fact a process of oxidation -reduction reduction reaction, and it could be classified into two types based on reaction, and it could be classified into two types based on the terminal electron acceptor in the reaction: the terminal electron acceptor in the reaction: z Aerobic respiration Aerobic respiration 有氧呼吸—— The terminal electron The terminal electron acceptor is acceptor is oxygen in the respiration. in the respiration. z Anaerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration 无氧呼吸—— Under the condition Under the condition without oxygen, the terminal electron acceptor is other , the terminal electron acceptor is other alternatives. alternatives. z The terminal electron acceptor is the The terminal electron acceptor is the intermediates of the metabolic pathway the metabolic pathway——Fermentation ( Fermentation (发酵 ) z The terminal electron acceptor is one kind of The terminal electron acceptor is one kind of outside acceptor (but not oxygen), e.g. NO , e.g. NO 3-, NO 2-, SO 4 2-, CO 2 and so on. and so on

有氧呼吸 Aerobic respiration 有氧呼吸——指生活细胞在氧气的参与下,把某些有机物 质彻底氧化分解,放出CO2并形成水,同时释放能量的过 程。葡萄糖是植物细胞呼吸最常利用的物质,因此呼吸作 用的过程可简示如下 C HO+ 60== 6Co t 6H,o t Energy 12 ●糖酵解 glycolysis ●三羧酸循环,简称TAC环 tricarboxylic acid cycle ●电子传递及氧化磷酸化 electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation ★在有氧呼吸过程中,葡萄糖最终被氧化成C○2,O2则 被还原为H2O

有氧呼吸 Aerobic Respiration 有氧呼吸——指生活细胞在氧气的参与下，把某些有机物 质彻底氧化分解，放出CO2并形成水，同时释放能量的过 程。葡萄糖是植物细胞呼吸最常利用的物质，因此呼吸作 用的过程可简示如下： z 糖酵解 glycolysis glycolysis z 三羧酸循环，简称 三羧酸循环，简称TAC环 tricarboxylic tricarboxylic acid cycle z 电子传递及氧化磷酸化 电子传递及氧化磷酸化electron transport electron transport and oxidative and oxidative phosphorylation phosphorylation ★ 在有氧呼吸过程中，葡萄糖最终被氧化成CO2，O2则 被还原为H2O！

Aerobic Respiration C6H1206 602 H20 ATPs Glucose Oxygen Carbon Water Energy dioxide Represents a series of reactions in which h atoms and electrons are moved from molecule to molecule o These are energy transformation reactions o Original energy from food transferred via ht and electrons ● Energy ends up in ATP oHt and electrons end up in O, to form H,O

Aerobic Respiration zRepresents a series of reactions in which H atoms Represents a series of reactions in which H atoms and electrons are moved from molecule to molecule and electrons are moved from molecule to molecule zThese are energy transformation reactions These are energy transformation reactions zOriginal energy from food transferred via H Original energy from food transferred via H+ and electrons and electrons zEnergy ends up in ATP Energy ends up in ATP z H + and electrons end up in O and electrons end up in O2 to form H to form H2 O

Aerobic Respiration Oxidation [Glucose loses electrons (and hydrogens) cH1206+(60 c(6c0 6H20 Glucose Oxygen Carbon Water dioxide Reduction [Oxygen gains electrons (and hydrogens)

Aerobic Respiration

Cytosol Mitochondrion High-energy High-energy electrons electrons carried carried mainly by by NADh NADH Glycolysis 2 Krebs Electron Glucose- Pyruvic Cycle Transport acid .ATP ATP ATP

线粒体 Mitochondrion 线粒体通过氧化磷酸化合成ATP,为细胞生命活动提供直 接能量。因此,线粒体被称为细胞内的“能量工厂”。线粒 体约有140余种酶,分布在各个结构组分中 外膜 outer membrane Outer Membrane ●膜间隙 intermembrane Inner Membrane Folded into Crista space ●内膜 inner membrane 嵴 cristae ●基粒 elementary particle (如F1-F0ATP酶颗粒) The Matrox ●基质 matrix Intermembrane Space

线粒体 Mitochondrion 线粒体通过氧化磷酸化合成ATP，为细胞生命活动提供直 接能量。因此，线粒体被称为细胞内的“能量工厂”。线粒 体约有140余种酶，分布在各个结构组分中。 z 外膜 outer membrane outer membrane z 膜间隙 intermembrane intermembrane space z 内膜 inner membrane inner membrane z 嵴 cristae cristae z 基粒elementary particle elementary particle (如 F1-F0 ATP酶颗粒） z 基质 matrix