上海交通大学：《海洋世界探秘》教学资源（课堂讲稿）第三讲 航海史（3/3）

Modern (systematic)survey(1900-) ▣Discovery TrackotheRV Meter UK:1901-04 ▣Meteor survey Germany:1925-27 Observations X/V 口 Meteorology(气象学) Physics Chemistry 20y Biology 40 Geology 。StaNos Anchored 。SuatorS 60 Meteor 125-127 40

Modern (systematic) survey(1900 - )  Discovery UK: 1901-04  Meteor survey Germany: 1925-27 Observations  Meteorology（气象学）  Physics  Chemistry  Biology  Geology Track of the RV Meteor

60' Era of new instrumentation and international cooperation (1945-) Ah International Geophysical year Atlantic program Crao (1957-1959) 20 CuMYU The spatial coverage in an ocean requires the efforts and costs which cannot be A向放 LGY. covered by a nation. Rogram J957-1959 60T 0 20 0

Era of new instrumentation and international cooperation (1945 - ) International Geophysical year Atlantic program (1957-1959) The spatial coverage in an ocean requires the efforts and costs which cannot be covered by a nation

Era of the Earth system (1990-) 知识点 A2 22 4 World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)(1982-2002) Satellites:Topex,SeaWifs,Modis (1980-) 口 Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS)(1990s) 口 Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC)(1999-2009) 口 CLIVAR,IMBER,SOLAS,LOICZ,IMAGES/PAGES,InterRidge, InterMARGINS,GEOTRACER Basin-scale Analysis,Synthesis and Integration (BASIN)(2010-

Era of the Earth system (1990 - )  World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) (1982-2002)  Satellites: Topex, SeaWifs, Modis (1980 - )  Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) (1990s)  Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) (1999-2009)  CLIVAR, IMBER, SOLAS, LOICZ, IMAGES/PAGES, InterRidge, InterMARGINS, GEOTRACER  Basin-scale Analysis, Synthesis and Integration (BASIN) (2010 - 知识点

Milestones in oceanography 知识点 1685 Halley (Edmond):Trade wind and monsoons 1735 Hadley (George):Causes of trade wind Q 1751 Ellis:Finding cold waters from polar regions in the tropics 口 1769 Franklin:Making a chart of the Gulf stream 1775 Laplace:Theory of tides. 1800 Rumford:A meridional(南政的)circulation with water sinking near the poles and rising near the Equator. 1847 Maury::Chart(作图丿of winds and currents using ships logs|日志丿. 口 1872-1876 Challenger Expedition 1885 Pillsbury:Florida Current

Milestones in oceanography  1685 Halley (Edmond): Trade wind and monsoons  1735 Hadley (George): Causes of trade wind  1751 Ellis: Finding cold waters from polar regions in the tropics  1769 Franklin: Making a chart of the Gulf stream  1775 Laplace: Theory of tides.  1800 Rumford: A meridional（南欧的） circulation with water sinking near the poles and rising near the Equator.  1847 Maury: Chart（作图） of winds and currents using ships logs（日志）.  1872-1876 Challenger Expedition  1885 Pillsbury: Florida Current 知识点

Milestones in oceanography 知识点 1910-1913 Bjerknes:.Dynamic Meteorology(气象学)and Hydrography【水文学) 1947-1950 Sverdrup,Stommel and Munk:theories ofthe wind- driven circulation of the ocean. 1955 Hamon and Brown:Inventing the CTD 1958 Stommel publishes his theory for the deep circulation of the ocean. 1978 NASA:First oceanographic satellite,Seasat. 1991 Broecker:Changes in the deep circulation of the oceans modulate the ice ages,and that the deep circulation in the Atlantic could collapse,plunging the northern hemisphere into a new ice age

 1910-1913 Bjerknes: Dynamic Meteorology （气象学）and Hydrography（水文学）  1947-1950 Sverdrup, Stommel and Munk: theories of the wind￾driven circulation of the ocean.  1955 Hamon and Brown: Inventing the CTD  1958 Stommel publishes his theory for the deep circulation of the ocean.  1978 NASA: First oceanographic satellite, Seasat.  1991 Broecker: Changes in the deep circulation of the oceans modulate the ice ages, and that the deep circulation in the Atlantic could collapse, plunging the northern hemisphere into a new ice age. 知识点 Milestones in oceanography

New World Exploration:Arctic and Antarctica An Ocean A continent

An Ocean A continent New World Exploration: Arctic and Antarctica

The forbidden areas

The forbidden areas

Amundsen,Ellsworth,Nobile Nansen Robert Peary E4BF4减A制毫A First to the North Pole? North Pole Arctic Ocean 86°13.6'N c New Siberian 1908-1909 expedition Franz Cape s 1926 Josef Land Chelyuskin Kara Sea Laptev Sea Sverdrup I Taymyr Peninsula Olenyok River Siberia Yenisei River 1893-96Fram

Robert Peary First to the North Pole? Amundsen, Ellsworth, Nobile Nansen 1908-1909 expedition 1926 1893–96 Fram

Racing to the poles 70S Terra Nova Expedition 1910-1913 Victoria Land Ross Sea Robert F.Scott Ross Island CO in the Antaretir Bay of Whales Ross Ice Sheif S cott.Wils on Bow ers died (about03/30/1912) ates died (03/1711912) Evans died (02/1711912) ardmore Axel Heiberg Glacier Glacier Scott Amundsen (01V17/1912) (12/14/1911) South Pole

Racing to the poles Terra Nova Expedition 1910–1913 Robert F. Scott

RV Belgica Roald Amundsen Victoria Land Ross Sea RV Fram 303302L Beardmore Axel Hei GRCII Glacie 上随 South Pole

RV Belgica Roald Amundsen RV Fram