同济大学：《海洋世界探秘》教学资源（课堂讲稿）海洋环境与生命（Marine Environment and Life）

Lecture2 Marine Environment and Life 同济大学王鹏博士

同济大学 王鹏博士

Lecture1.1海洋环境 ■Lecture1.2海洋生境 ■Lecture1.3海洋生物对环境的适应性

Lecture1.1海洋环境 ■I、简介 ■II、海水的重要特性 III、海洋环境的分类

I.简介 地球表面： 5.1*108km2 海洋： 3.61*108km2

I.简介 科学研究的方法 Observation Collection of scientific facts through observation and measurement Hypothesis A tentative,testable statement about the natural world that can be used to build more complex inferences and explanations Testing Development of observations, experiments,and models to test(and,if necessary,revise)the hypothesis after much testing and experimentation ↓ Theory In science,a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts,laws, logical inferences,and tested hypotheses Figure I-5 The scientific method

科学研究的方法

II.海水的特性 A.海水的特性 a.溶解性：广泛性的溶剂 b.海水的热力学性质：高热容；高耐融性、高 耐挥发； C.海水密度：不均衡

II. 海水的特性 A. 海水的特性

II.海水的特性 B.海水的特性 a. 粘度：低粘度 b. 温度：范围窄 C 压力：高压 d. Salinity(盐度)： e. Dissolved gas(溶解性气体)：O2,CO2 f. 海水密度 Acidity and alkalinity(酸碱性)：slightly alkaline the carbonate buffering system(碳酸盐缓冲系统) 透明度：高透明度

II. 海水的特性 B. 海水的特性

III.海洋环境分类 A.远洋（开放大洋）环境 a. 浅海部分：小于200m(光合作用带) b. 大洋：超过200米（海洋中层；海洋深 层；深海层) B.海底环境 a 浅海海底 b. 大洋海底

O2(uM) CO2(uatm) 0 50 100150200250 300 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1000 1000 人 North Atlantic North 2000 Atlantic 2000 E E North 3000 3000 Pacific 4000 4000 North 5000 Pacific 5000 (a) (b) Seawater dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide variation with depth. Depth profiles for the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans showing concentration of(a)oxygen and (b)carbon dioxide. 00

Surface salinity variation. Surface seawater temperature(red curve)is lowest at the poles and highest at the Equator.Surface seawater salinity(green curve)is lowest at the poles,peaks at the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn,and dips near the Equator. 8016014012000806040220 80° Temperature(C) 0 1020 30 60° 60 North 40 ATLANTIC OCEAN 40 Tropic of Cancer 0 Tropic of Cancer 20 Equator Latitude 0° Equator 20 20° Tropic of Capricom Tropic of Capricorn ATLANTIC 40° OCEAN South 60 60° Salinity (o) 8 32 33 34 35 36