上海交通大学：《海洋世界探秘》教学资源（课堂讲稿）海洋环境与生物

上游充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University 海洋环境与生物

Shanghai Jiao Tong University 海洋环境与生物

上濟充通大学 海洋环境分类 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Pelagic Environments Neritic Province Oceanic Province Euphotic 100m(330) Continental shelf Epipelagic - 200m(660ft) Mesopelagic Disphotic Inner Outer 1000m(3.300f) epn y6IH Continental slope Bathypelagic Aphotic 4000m(13,000f) Abyssopelagic Trench Littoral Abyssal 6000m(20.000f) Hadal -Sublittoral- Bathyal Subneritic Suboceanic Benthic Environments Oceanic biozones of the pelagic and benthic environments

Shanghai Jiao Tong University 海洋环境分类

: Coastal/Intertidal Pelagic - 0m Euphotic 200m Bathyal .--500m Abyssal 6000m Hadal 2002 Brooks/Cole-Thomson Leaming

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

上游充通大￥ 大陆边缘 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Label the features on the continental margin below: Continent Continental margin Submarine canyons Shelf break rise shelf Abyssal plain slope Continental crust Ocean crust Mantle

Shanghai Jiao Tong University 大陆边缘 Label the features on the continental margin below: shelf slope rise

上游充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University 海岸示意图 Label the features on the diagram below: 海湾 环礁湖 lagoon lagoon bay barrier spit islands spit bay mouth bar beach 岬；沙嘴 tombolo 连岛沙洲

Shanghai Jiao Tong University 海岸示意图 Label the features on the diagram below: bay lagoon lagoon tombolo spit beach bay mouth bar spit barrier islands 海湾 环礁湖 连岛沙洲 岬；沙嘴

Highest high tide Supralittoral Lowest high tide High tide zone (backshore Highest low tide Middle tide zone Ghost shrimp Beach hopper Lowest low tide Low tide zone Ghost crab Bristle worm Sublittoral zone Clam Sand crab Lugwomm Sand dollar Sand star Heart urchin Ice cream Sea cucumber cone worm Horseshoe crab Intertidal zonation of the sediment-covered shore

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Intertidal zonation of the sediment-covered shore

上泽充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Rocky shore Rock louse (Ligia) Spray zone Periwinkle (Littorina) Highest high tide Limpet(Acmaea) Buckshot barnacle (Chthamalus),(Balanus High tide zone Periwinkle (Littorina) Chiton Limpet(Acmaea) (Nuttalina) Lowest high tide Mussel(Mytilus)(Modiolus) Chitons and limpets Middle tide zone Hermit crab(Pagurus) Goose barnacles (Pollicipes) Sea star Acorn barnacles Highest low tide (Asterias-Pisaster) BBalanue Many species of animals and Low tide zone plants Sea anemone 小 Lowest low tide (Authopleura)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Rocky shore

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Shanghai Jiao Tong University

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Shanghai Jiao Tong University 厦大白城海滩

上游充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University Distribution of species on Earth The land has more species Land species 1,750,000 World species because it has greater (86%) environmental variability than Marine species (14%) the ocean Most ocean species are Benthic (98%) benthic because of greater Pelagic environmental variability 250,000 (2%) Marine species compared to pelagic environments Figure 12-6

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDistribution of species on Earth The land has more species because it has greater environmental variability than the ocean Most ocean species are benthic because of greater environmental variability compared to pelagic environments Figure 12-6