《英语词汇学》（英文版）Chapter 11 Words and Gender

Unit 11 Semantic Development of Words for each sex and what It shows

Unit 11 Semantic Development of Words for Each Sex and What It Shows

1)A word once reserved for female persons in high places is generalised to refer to people of all levels a n a society

1 ) A w o r d o n c e reserved for female persons in high places is generalised to refer to people of all levels in a society:

The titles of women are more likely to undergo this generalisation than the titles of men

The titles of women are more likely to undergo this generalisation than the titles of men

For instance. under the entry lord' in Collins Cobuild english Language Dictionary(CCELD),ten meanings are listed, all associated with nobility, authority and power However, its counterpart lady' is not so fortunate as to be reserved specially for the females of nobility

For instance, under the entry "lord" i n Co l l i n s Co b u i l d En g l is h Language Dictionary (CCELD), ten meanings are listed, all associated with nobility, authority and power. However, its counterpart "lady" is not so fortunate as to be reserved specially for the females of nobility

Lord is the title used in front of the name of british earls viscounts, marquesses, etc In britain, you address a man as My Lord?'when he is a judge or bishop, or if he is an ear vIscount, marquess. etc

Lord is the title used in front of t h e n ame o f Bri t is h e a rls, vis counts, ma rque ss e s, e t c . In Britain, you address a man as “ My Lord” when he is a judge or b is h o p , o r if h e is a n e a rl, v is c o u n t , m a r q u e ss, e t c

The word " lord is also used as part of the title of certain officials of very high rank in britain If someone lords it over" you, they act in a way that shows that they are better than you

If someone “lords it over” you, they act in a way that shows that they are better than you. The word “lord” is also used as part of the title of certain officials of very high rank in Britain

A lord?"is a man who has a high h rank in the British nobility In former times, especially in medieval times,a‘lord’wasa man who owned land or property and who had power and authority over other people

In former times, especially in medieval times, a “lord’ was a m a n w h o o w n e d l a n d o r property and who had power and authority over other people. A “lord” is a man who has a high rank in the British nobility

The Lords ' is the house lords used in slightly informal british English. In the Christian church f Lord is used to refer to god and to Jesus christ

The “Lords” is the House Lords; used in slightly informal British English. In the Christian church, “Lord” is used to refer to god and to Jesus Christ

In the 19th century, George Eliot described "lady in Silas marner (1851)as: She had the essential attributes of a lady--- high veracity, delicate honour in her dealings, deference to others, and refined personal habits

In the 19th century, George Eliot described “lady” in Silas Marner ( 1851 ) as: " She had the essential attributes of a lady--- high veracity, delicate honour in her dealings, deference to others,and refined personal habits

Here the connotation of l woman of refinement can be felt. However. now the connotations of the word lady are rather different from those of the word lord"or gentleman". As far as usage is concerned, lady is in many respects actuall an equivalent to man

Here, the connotation of " woman of refinement " can be felt. However, now, t h e c o n n o t a t i o n s o f t h e w o r d "lady " are rather different from thos e of the word "lord" or "gentleman". As far as usage is concerned, "lady" is in many respects actually an equivalent to " man