复旦大学上海医学院：《生理学》精品课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）Chapter 07 能量代谢和体温 ENERGY METABOLISM & BODY TEMPERATURE

Chapter 7 ENERGY METABOLISM BODY TEMPERATURE §1. Energy meta bolism o Introduction definition Substantial metabolism Assimilation metabolism Dissimilation meta bolism(cata bolism) Energy meta bolism

Chapter 7 ENERGY METABOLISM & BODY TEMPERATURE § 1. Energy metabolism • Introduction & definition Substantial metabolism Assimilation metabolism Dissimilation metabolism (catabolism) Energy metabolism

Energy sources utilization k Energy sources of living organisms Direct donator of energy: ATP Reserve form of energy: CP Energy sources: food Glucose(I mol): aerobic glycolysis yields 38 mol ATP; anaerobic glycolysis yields 2 mol ATP Fat: 1 mol 6C fatty acid yield 44 mol ATP Protein; rarely used as energy donator

• Energy sources & utilization * Energy sources of living organisms Direct donator of energy: ATP Reserve form of energy: CP Energy sources: food Glucose (1 mol): aerobic glycolysis yields 38 mol ATP; anaerobic glycolysis yields 2 mol ATP Fat: 1 mol 6C fatty acid yield 44 mol ATP Protein: rarely used as energy donator

k Energy transfer utilization More than 50%o transfer to heat Less than 50%o store in the atp CP Utilization: synthesis growth never conduction muscular contraction glandular secretion active absorption etc

* Energy transfer & utilization More than 50% transfer to heat, Less than 50% store in the ATP & CP Utilization: synthesis & growth never conduction muscular contraction glandular secretion active absorption etc

食物中的能量(100%) 生 释 未利用的能量 (5%) 自由能(95%) 散发热量 化学能(45%) (50%) 移P ADP ATP 存 C-P Energ Source. 能 利完成机体各种功能活动 同时散发热量 reserve, 合成代谢 (20%~45%) 用 神经传导 transfer 肌内收纟 做外功的热量 其他 (0~25%) utilization

Energy source, reserve, transfer & utilization

e Measuring the metabolic rate k Direct calorimetry x Indirect calorimetry Principle: The law of constant proportions Several related concepts Thermal equivalent of food Thermal equivalent of oxygen Respiratory quotient(rQ) Classical simple measurement O2 consumption co2 production measuring Closed opened measurement

• Measuring the metabolic rate * Direct calorimetry * Indirect calorimetry Principle: The law of constant proportions Several related concepts Thermal equivalent of food Thermal equivalent of oxygen Respiratory quotient (RQ) Classical & simple measurement O2 consumption & CO2 production measuring Closed & opened measurement

Thermal equivalent, Thermal equivalent of oxygen respiratory quotient(RQ)of 3 main nutritional substances TE TEO RQ Glucose 16.7 21.0 1.00 Protein 16.7 188 0.80 Fat 37.7 19.7 0.71

TE TEO RQ Glucose 16.7 21.0 1.00 Protein 16.7 18.8 0.80 Fat 37.7 19.7 0.71 Thermal equivalent, Thermal equivalent of oxygen & Respiratory quotient (RQ) of 3 main nutritional substances

绝热壁 水→型吧 水槽 检压计 气量计 硫酸 钠 石灰 硫酸 口} 气泵 Direct calorimetry

Direct calorimetry

⊙记 氧气 纹鼓 呼吸容 吸收剂屈重锤 呼吸活瓣 时间 Indirect calorimetry

Indirect calorimetry

o Factors affecting energy meta bolism Exercises Concept of oxygen debt Nervous Thin king peacefully anxious Food specific dynamic effect Environmental temperature Others: age, sex, circadian rhythm, hormones. diseases, etc

• Factors affecting energy metabolism Exercises Concept of oxygen debt Nervous Thinking peacefully & anxious Food specific dynamic effect Environmental temperature Others: age, sex, circadian rhythm, hormones, diseases, etc

o Basal meta bolism Basal metabolic rate (bmr k Definition law of body surface area ck Under what condition bmr can be measured? In the early morning Arousal condition Lie down peacefully with no exercises No nervous Have a good sleep last night Fasting for over 12 h Room temperature at 20-25 C

• Basal metabolism & Basal metabolic Rate (BMR) * Definition & Law of body surface area * Under what condition BMR can be measured? In the Early morning Arousal condition Lie down peacefully with no exercises No nervous Have a good sleep last night Fasting for over 12 h Room temperature at 20~25 ℃