中国科学技术大学：《计算机体系结构》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）Chapter 01 量化设计与分析基础（主讲：周学海）

课程目标 ·掌握系统定量分析的基本方法和技术 深入理解提高CP凵U性能的基本方法 深入理解存储系统的基本原理和优化方法 理解数据级并行、线程级并行的基本原理 和方法 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学

1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学 3 课程目标 • 掌握系统定量分析的基本方法和技术 • 深入理解提高CPU性能的基本方法 • 深入理解存储系统的基本原理和优化方法 • 理解数据级并行、线程级并行的基本原理 和方法

教材与主要参考书 John L Hennessy, David A Patterson, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach. Fifth edition.机械工业出版社, 2012 David A Patterson, John L Hennessy, Computer Organization Design: The Hardware/software Interface, Third Edition. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc 2005 张晨曦等,计算机系统结构教程,清华大学 出版社 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学

1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学 4 教材与主要参考书 • John L. Hennessy, David A. Patternson, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach. Fifth Edition. 机械工业出版社， 2012 • David A. Patternson, John L. Hennessy, Computer Organization & Design : The Hardware/Software Interface, Third Edition. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc. 2005 • 张晨曦等，计算机系统结构教程，清华大学 出版社

本课程的主要内容 Simple machine design(Chapter 1, Appendix A, Appendix C) ISAS, Iron Law, simple pipelines Memory hierarchy(Chapter 2, Appendix B) DRAM, caches, virtual memory systems Complex pipelining(Chapter 3) score-boarding, out-of-order issue Explicitly parallel processors(Chapter 4 vector machines, vLlw machines, multithreaded machines Multiprocessor architectures( Chapter 5, Chapter 6) memory models, cache coherence, synchronization 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学

5 本课程的主要内容 • Simple machine design（Chapter 1, Appendix A, Appendix C） – ISAs, Iron Law, simple pipelines • Memory hierarchy (Chapter 2，Appendix B) – DRAM, caches, virtual memory systems • Complex pipelining (Chapter 3) – score-boarding, out-of-order issue • Explicitly parallel processors (Chapter 4) – vector machines, VLIW machines, multithreaded machines • Multiprocessor architectures (Chapter 5, Chapter 6) – memory models, cache coherence, synchronization 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学

为什么学这门课 深入理解计算机体系结构有助于: 开展体系结构研究与设计的基础 There are still many challenges left Example: the CPU-memory gap 更好地设计与实现操作系统、编译器 Need to re-evaluate the current assumptions and tradeoffs Example: gigabit networks Modern computers need better optimizing compilers and better programming languages 更好地设计与实现应用程序 Understand the performance implications of algorithms, data structures, and programming language choices 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学

1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学 8 为什么学这门课 深入理解计算机体系结构有助于: • 开展体系结构研究与设计的基础 – There are still many challenges left – Example: the CPU-memory gap – ……. • 更好地设计与实现操作系统、编译器 – Need to re-evaluate the current assumptions and tradeoffs – Example: gigabit networks – Modern computers need better optimizing compilers and better programming languages • 更好地设计与实现应用程序 – Understand the performance implications of algorithms, data structures, and programming language choices

Chapter1量化设计与分析基础 11引言 计算机的分类 计算机体系结构的定义 现代计算机系统发展趋势 ·12定量分析基础 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学

Chapter1 量化设计与分析基础 • 1.1 引言 –计算机的分类 –计算机体系结构的定义 –现代计算机系统发展趋势 • 1.2 定量分析基础 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学 9

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Computing Systems Today The world is a large parallel system Microprocessors in everything Vast infrastructure behind them 口自目 口吗5号 Internet Scalable reliable Connectivity Secure services Databases Information Collection Remote storage Online games Sensor Commerce frigidaire online Cars MEMS for Sensannets Routers 中国科学技术大学 Robots

1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学 11 Computing Systems Today Scalable, Reliable, Secure Services MEMS for Sensor Nets Internet Connectivity Clusters Massive Cluster Gigabit Ethernet Databases Information Collection Remote Storage Online Games Commerce … • The world is a large parallel system – Microprocessors in everything – Vast infrastructure behind them Routers Robots Cars Sensor Nets Refrigerators

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New “Great Ideas” 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学 12 Personal Mobile Devices

Warehouse Biometric Access Server Racks nd Exit Sensors Continuous Video UPS Backup Scale Surveillance Generators Computer Motion sensors My other computer Lled is a data center Gas- based Fire esion System Security Server Operations 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学 13 On-premises Security officers

1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学 13 Warehouse Scale Computer

old Machine Structures Application(ex: browser) Operating compiler. System Software Assembler (Mac OsX Instruction: Set Hardware Processor Memory o system Architecture Datapath &i: Control Digital Desigm Circuit Design transistors 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学

Old Machine Structures 1/30/2021 中国科学技术大学 14 Processor I/O system Compiler Operating System (Mac OSX) Application (ex: browser) Digital Design Circuit Design Instruction Set Architecture Datapath & Control transistors Hardware Memory Software Assembler