上海交通大学：《新双城记》课程教学资源（课件讲义）3、A Land-Rooted Plant Turned Maritime Cargo：The “Seng” Story across the Pacific（HSIUNG Ping-chen）

、/22话ac..77/活er2-c foceliane Ba Canaia Zhang Jiging (1938-)Kun opera,an episode from“The Peony Pavilion.” Aureliana,Gin-seng,Garent-aguen A and ooted Plant Tumned CMaritim6了argo. The "Seng"OStory acrass the 四xcifio The New Tale of the Two Cities Shanghai Jiaotong University Hsiung Ping-chen Illustration of American ginseng from Father Joseph-Francois Lafitau,Memoire concernant la nese University of Hong precieuse plante du gin-seng de Tartarie, decouverte en Canada,Paris,1718.Image from the Collections of John Carter Brown Library

“ ” The New Tale of the Two Cities Shanghai Jiaotong University Hsiung Ping-chen Chinese University of Hong Kong Zhang Jiqing (1938-) Kun opera, an episode from “The Peony Pavilion.” Illustration of American ginseng from Father Joseph-François Lafitau, Mémoire … concernant la précieuse plante du gin-seng de Tartarie, découverte en Canada, Paris, 1718. Image from the Collections of John Carter Brown Library

The Huntington Library,Art Collections,and Botanical Gardens 芳 Garden of Flowing Fragrance Garden of Flowering Fragrance, the latest addition to the Huntington Botanical Gardens Library Art Gallery

The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens Library Art Gallery Garden of Flowering Fragrance, the latest addition to the Huntington Botanical Gardens

、2/2aaa2er7br儿-：c,7t6r (/"e/l-D7(c/2. an chinei tiin-eny 228-110- Hortus Cliffortianus (1737) 四-口e ne. 米羹素耄羹 Carl von Linne (1707-1778)

Hortus Cliffortianus (1737) Carl von Linné (1707–1778)

、2l2 Canadensis.Siurnribus儿-c、7era/"c11-C2. Outline Introduction:Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific i.Pacific Spaces:Comparisons and Connections ii.Early Modern and Modern Times Il.The Tale of the "Seng":A Curious History i.In Chinese Documents ii.In Pharmaceutics and Botany iii.In Natural History and Geology Ill.Markets and the Fluidity of Knowledge i.Markets and Knowledge of Ginseng ii.Growing Market in Ginseng in Late Imperial China:the North to the South iii.Changing Market in China IV.The Maritime Story-the "Seng"that Moves across Continents as well as Oceans i. Ginseng across Boundaries ii.Missionaries and the Popularity of Ginseng V.Afterthoughts

Outline I. Introduction: Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific i. Pacific Spaces: Comparisons and Connections ii. Early Modern and Modern Times II. The Tale of the “Seng”: A Curious History i. In Chinese Documents ii. In Pharmaceutics and Botany iii. In Natural History and Geology III. Markets and the Fluidity of Knowledge i. Markets and Knowledge of Ginseng ii. Growing Market in Ginseng in Late Imperial China: the North to the South iii. Changing Market in China IV. The Maritime Story – the “Seng” that Moves across Continents as well as Oceans i. Ginseng across Boundaries ii. Missionaries and the Popularity of Ginseng V. Afterthoughts

、2/2 2anadens7rbF儿.-：c以，7l6 ("/(-D7c. faceliane B Canaia ae28-。 I.Introduction: Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific Semyon Dezhnev(1605-1672)discovered the Anian Strait between Asia and Alaska in 1648

I. Introduction: Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific Semyon Dezhnev (1605-1672) discovered the Anian Strait between Asia and Alaska in 1648

,roq@r (arelif-oguen. GarenE-conen. Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific Pacific Spaces:Comparisons and Connections Maritime history not only concerns with trans-oceanic activities,human mobility and trade,more importantly it also reminds us that land-rooted people,animals and plants have always been drifting across the oceans for millions of years. The ocean is both an impediment and a highway for the connection and exchange of life forms and species. The tale of ginseng is yet another such example

• Maritime history not only concerns with trans-oceanic activities, human mobility and trade, more importantly it also reminds us that land-rooted people, animals and plants have always been drifting across the oceans for millions of years. I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific i. Pacific Spaces: Comparisons and Connections • The ocean is both an impediment and a highway for the connection and exchange of life forms and species. • The tale of ginseng is yet another such example

("/t-Dgc/2. Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific Pacific Spaces:Comparisons and Connections This is a study of the evolving story of ginseng (Latin name:panax ginseng) in the early modern period, during which this medicinally-employed root plant originally discovered in China,due to the geographic expansion of human activities,began to take on first a "foreign"properties (the Korean ginseng),then a "maritime" element (the American ginseng). Although many alleged that the Chinese knowledge and use of ginseng had a long history that may go back thousands of years,its significant expansion in pharmaceutical applications,thus its role in maritime trade, has only a short history (less than five centuries)

• This is a study of the evolving story of ginseng (Latin name: panax ginseng) in the early modern period, • during which this medicinally-employed root plant originally discovered in China, due to the geographic expansion of human activities, began to take on first a “foreign” properties (the Korean ginseng), then a “maritime” element (the American ginseng). • Although many alleged that the Chinese knowledge and use of ginseng had a long history that may go back thousands of years, its significant expansion in pharmaceutical applications, thus its role in maritime trade, has only a short history (less than five centuries). I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific i. Pacific Spaces: Comparisons and Connections

Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific ii。 Early Modern and Modern Times Hong Kong herbalist store ● In the 1990s,over 75 percent of ginseng grown in North America is shipped to Hong Kong.It is estimated that 80 percent of the ginseng traded in Hong Kong is re-exported to China.The other 20 percent is redistributed to the Chinese diasporas or used for local consumption According to CITES(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species)Annual Report data,Canada exported 2,442 tons of wild and cultivated North American ginseng root to Hong Kong from 1980 to 1996 while the United States exported nearly 9,000tons

• In the 1990s, over 75 percent of ginseng grown in North America is shipped to Hong Kong. It is estimated that 80 percent of the ginseng traded in Hong Kong is re-exported to China. The other 20 percent is redistributed to the Chinese diasporas or used for local consumption • According to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) Annual Report data, Canada exported 2,442 tons of wild and cultivated North American ginseng root to Hong Kong from 1980 to 1996 while the United States exported nearly 9,000 tons. I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific ii. Early Modern and Modern Times Hong Kong herbalist store

c、-76r(c7/"e1-Ogtc. 1. Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific aTrepote GarenE-conen. Early Modern and Modern Times Ginseng in Namdaemun Market,Seoul,South Korea Rapidly Changing Value of Ginseng in the 18th Century Year Price 1714 10 times the weight of silver 1750 16 times 1763 32 times 1782 85 times 1796 300 times

Ginseng in Namdaemun Market, Seoul, South Korea Year Price 1714 10 times the weight of silver 1750 16 times 1763 32 times 1782 85 times 1796 300 times Rapidly Changing Value of Ginseng in the 18th Century I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific ii. Early Modern and Modern Times

、2-e话aa2er7/汤c儿-：c以、7teEr ("/(-D7c. fareliane a Canaia Il.The Tale of Ginseng:A Curious History Korean White Ginseng Wang Shih-min(1592-1680).View of Chang-pai Mountains.Courtesy of National Palace Museum,Beijing

II. The Tale of Ginseng: A Curious History Wang Shih-min (1592-1680). View of Chang-pai Mountains. Courtesy of National Palace Museum, Beijing. Korean White Ginseng