上海交通大学：《新双城记》课程教学资源（课件讲义）4、Further Thoughts on “Materiality”：The Examples of Ginseng, Cricket, and Others（HSIUNG Ping-chen）

Zhang Jiqing (1938-)Kun opera,an episode from“The Peony Pavilion.” Further Thoughts on"Materiality": The Examples of Ginseng,Cricket, and Others Ping-chen Hsiung Dean,Faculty of Arts, 2 The Chinese University of Hong Kong Session 5 Space,Work,and Gender in Material Culture 2011 Ming-Qing International Conference Academia Sinica 24-25 November 2011

Further Thoughts on “Materiality”: The Examples of Ginseng, Cricket, and Others Ping-chen Hsiung Dean, Faculty of Arts, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Session 5 Space, Work, and Gender in Material Culture 2011 Ming-Qing International Conference Academia Sinica 24–25 November 2011 Zhang Jiqing (1938-) Kun opera, an episode from “The Peony Pavilion

032 Outline 1)The concept of"materiality"has been a loose and vague one in the academie field of Ming-Qing studies. 2)The importance of the "materiality"was not well noticed by the field of Ming-Qing studies as several past proposals on the research of this concept were overlooked. 3)This paper is to illustrate the importance of the hows and whys of approaching the question of"materiality"in the Ming-Qing studies. 4)The duration of life,size,and its characters had made cricket and the relating devices for its gambling flourishing in the Ming-Qing society. 5)The unique property,high-stood price,and high portability in dry form of Ginseng had made it an important goods in short-distance and long-distance trade since the Ming-Qing world. 6)The paper is to take the opportunity to illustrate the usefulness of the concept of"materiality"in the Ming-Qing studies. 7)Conclusion:It is also to bring new insight to the Ming-Qing studies outside of the context of dynastic Chinese studies and to provide cross- disciplinarity and to connect it with the field of natural sciences

Outline 1) The concept of "materiality" has been a loose and vague one in the academic field of Ming-Qing studies. 2) The importance of the "materiality" was not well noticed by the field of Ming-Qing studies as several past proposals on the research of this concept were overlooked. 3) This paper is to illustrate the importance of the hows and whys of approaching the question of "materiality" in the Ming-Qing studies. 4) The duration of life, size, and its characters had made cricket and the relating devices for its gambling flourishing in the Ming-Qing society. 5) The unique property, high-stood price, and high portability in dry form of Ginseng had made it an important goods in short-distance and long-distance trade since the Ming-Qing world. 6) The paper is to take the opportunity to illustrate the usefulness of the concept of "materiality" in the Ming-Qing studies. 7) Conclusion: It is also to bring new insight to the Ming-Qing studies outside of the context of dynastic Chinese studies and to provide cross- disciplinarity and to connect it with the field of natural sciences

062 Past Records Studies of Materiality 2 Matter,Material Culture,and Materiality 《睹物思人》(2003) 米 立清大學出版社 Memory,Region,and Change 《明清以來江南社會與文化論集》(2004) 《轉變中的文化記憶：中國奥周邊》(2008) 余德 物 主 Bodily Feelings 编 入微 《體物入微：物奥身體感的研究》(2008) 身體典自然系列 身體感的研究 余舜德主編，《體物人微：物與身體咸的 研究》。台灣：國立清華大學，2008

熊月之、熊秉真主編，《明清以來江 南社會與文化論集》。上海：上海社 會科學院，2004。 Studies of Materiality v Matter, Material Culture, and Materiality 《睹物思人》(2003) v Memory, Region, and Change 《明清以來江南社會與文化論集》(2004) 《轉變中的文化記憶：中國與周邊》(2008) v Bodily Feelings 《體物入微：物與身體感的研究》(2008) 李焯然、熊秉真主編，《轉變中的文 化記憶：中國與周邊》。香港：香港 教育圖書，2008。 余舜德主編，《體物入微：物與身體感的 研究》。台灣：國立清華大學，2008。 Past Records

E℃18'2216：037377674 P.1 7377674 對熊秉真博士回腹的意見： April 1.計毒善經過修改之後的雅比先前改善。 养多找伊· 汽1据 a 2.對於参計慧人封·審查人原建議入建築（住）方面的尊家學者， 熊博士似末探的·如果要討論明濟的物質文化，尤其是文人士神 印 的物質文化·道方的討論是不可少的·也是最精彩，留下的史 清蓬代 料與物也最多·不包括進來，責在可借。 Tea 裤想對其討論主如物質文化·物性似多加解器說盟，以 兒子計間之共藏· 4 乳 在國際合作部分之說明·所舉國外或境外坠者有生以與物質文化 熊 研究關係較战，如郭松孩·定宜庄、香傅雖爲社料院整史所社會 史研究室成员，但似未聽說有道方面的論著·建戴對大陛學界的 这方面研究行情作進一步的瞭解·(o() 5.子置中余舜德博土雖已多考審查人意見，把明清時代加入其研 究範園·但在說明部分仍看不出明清在他酐究谱洱茶的問题上有 何意義·基本上他原想研究當今台灣人突然流行喝陳年普洱的现 慣例 張 象·今改窝研究普洱茶社會牛命史·將明清加入·但對明清這個 中國人喝茶歷上的一一大轉折的歷史似乎沒能說明白、 3) 6 計蓝善規遗举辦两次研討會，第一年的研尉會只開一天，除子計 林月 性」 證主持人外·继钠境外搴者三人·則每人報告時問一定很短· 難有深入討論時間，第二年所開十六篇論文，雨天的度·也有同：〉 王 樣問題·建議芋破國内開會淺学而止之惜例·對每篇論文作深)、 討論，對於辆次曾議之主題·何潤「物的生命與文化消货」'何調 邱港 「身份認同與物做性'亦宜多加說明· 7.酶凝出閱韵西方相湖著作之害目·元其是物質文化與消费文化及 余罗 休的相跟害台· 8. 德之·能博士所提糯想香是可行的，但請再参考審查意見修改· 或許會更好些·

April, 2001 Research Project of Academia Sinica 中國的物質與文化 Past Records Courses for concern: •物質性應多加解釋 •會議應打破淺嘗而止的慣例 •何謂「身份認同與物質性」 Team Member: 熊秉真 盧建榮 衣若芬 張哲嘉 林麗月 王璦玲 邱澎生 余舜德

如何 我對这項針盡還是頗有疑魔。以下是我的總體意見。第 中實4 、總计量主持人對這個計盏的筹備下了很多功夫·范集 遷」香 了很多有關物質文化研究的文款·也组成一個讀害會·為 這項計盏的欧動·進行了一年半的準備。可是，這個準備 多 工作有多禁實·還是有欧人疑竇之處。在會中對物質文化 對於「 的相酮课題作報告的人，[大部份]都沒有参加本主題 缺必 以及反 計壶。準備工作典针查的速接並不明頸。第二、参加計盏 蓄食) 的研究者幾乎都沒有研究物贸文化的經驗·更嚴重的 論建 盛 是，不少課题奥「物質」的關係相赏稀薄，經常只是把各 不密 畫的課 人目前進行的研究稍微「棘向」而已，有些參與者的研究 群芳 執行能力可能也有問题·總结而言，這項计盏是样思甚佳· 樂古與 但子计童的選題多不理想·参與陣容也不算堅強·孰行成 第十 本 果如何·不免令人疑®· 文化 而且 其歷史 宋中邑 識，目 本针畫的主题「中园的物質與文化」是一個很有创新性 成果。 的重要課题·不過，「新」也是個問题，参加計盏的成員幾 后 乎沒有人過去在這方面有任何研究，為了使研究的成果有 著，中 但； 些保障，大多数人是把自己已有的研究加入「物質」的因 未閥方 「窑美： 章。结果是，子題相赏分散，不能算是攻堅型的計量。针 引的 之研究 盖書對物質文化相嗣的文款雖然列舉很多，評述並不周群。 有何耳 計盏大體具有可行性，如果執行成功·對歷史、文學、人 本计当 明清「有 類學諸学門會有某種程度的貢献，總計畫與某些子计盏的

December, 2002 Research Project of NSC 近世中國的物質、消費與文化 Past Records Courses for concern: •計劃與「物質」的關係並不密 切 •研究者幾乎沒有研究物質文化 的經驗 Team Member: 熊秉真 盧建榮 衣若芬 張哲嘉 林麗月 王璦玲 邱澎生 余舜德 巫仁恕 王正華

The Case of Ginseng蔘 超米 Pharmaceutical Property ◆ High Price cfolia). Filial Piety/Compassion Light and Transportable

The Case of Ginseng 蔘 ♦ Pharmaceutical Property ♦ High Price ♦ Filial Piety/Compassion ♦ Light and Transportable

I. Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific Pacific Spaces:Comparisons and Connections This is a study of the evolving story of ginseng (Latin name:panax ginseng) in the early modern period, during which this medicinally-employed root plant originally discovered in China,due to the geographic expansion of human activities,began to take on first a "foreign"properties(the Korean ginseng),then a "maritime" element (the American ginseng). Although many alleged that the Chinese knowledge and use of ginseng had a long history that may go back thousands of years,its significant expansion in pharmaceutical applications,thus its role in maritime trade, has only a short history(less than five centuries)

• This is a study of the evolving story of ginseng (Latin name: panax ginseng) in the early modern period, • during which this medicinally-employed root plant originally discovered in China, due to the geographic expansion of human activities, began to take on first a “foreign” properties (the Korean ginseng), then a “maritime” element (the American ginseng). • Although many alleged that the Chinese knowledge and use of ginseng had a long history that may go back thousands of years, its significant expansion in pharmaceutical applications, thus its role in maritime trade, has only a short history (less than five centuries). I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific i. Pacific Spaces: Comparisons and Connections

Ocean Connects -the Case of the Pacific ii.Early Modern and Modern Times 米 Ginseng (Aralia quinquefolia) RapidbosChangingnValleeofeGinsenghinthe 18tbcentuhy Kong.It is estimated that 80 percent of the ginseng traded in Hong Kong is re-exported to China.The ther 20 percent is redistriauted to the Chinese diasporas or used for local consumption1714 10 times the weight of silver 16 times ·According to (Convention opInternational Trade in Endangered Species)Annual Report data,( canada exported 2,o of wild and cultivated North American ginseng root to Heng Kong from 9803996 while the United States exported nearly 9,000tons. 1796 300 times

• In the 1990s, over 75 percent of ginseng grown in North America is shipped to Hong Kong. It is estimated that 80 percent of the ginseng traded in Hong Kong is re-exported to China. The other 20 percent is redistributed to the Chinese diasporas or used for local consumption • According to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) Annual Report data, Canada exported 2,442 tons of wild and cultivated North American ginseng root to Hong Kong from 1980 to 1996 while the United States exported nearly 9,000 tons. I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific ii. Early Modern and Modern Times Year Price 1714 10 times the weight of silver 1750 16 times 1763 32 times 1782 85 times 1796 300 times Rapidly Changing Value of Ginseng in the 18th Century

I.Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific ii.Early Modern and Modern Times Ginseng in Namdaemun Market,Seoul,South Korea Ginseng (Aralia quinquefolia). Rapidly Changing Value of Ginseng in the 18th Century Year Price 1714 10 times the weight of silver 1750 16 times 1763 32 times 1782 85 times 1796 300 times

Ginseng in Namdaemun Market, Seoul, South Korea Year Price 1714 10 times the weight of silver 1750 16 times 1763 32 times 1782 85 times 1796 300 times Rapidly Changing Value of Ginseng in the 18th Century I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific ii. Early Modern and Modern Times

是g II.The Tale of Ginseng:A Curious History i.In Chinese Documents Illustrations of a variety of“Seng'in Pen-tsao kang-mu本草綢目 (Compendium of Materia Medica)by Li Shih-chen李時珍(1518-1593) 米米 ren-shen人参 tzi-shen紫参 tan-shen丹参 yuan-shen元参 sha-shen沙参 k'u-shen苦参 (Man's root) (Purple ginseng) (Red ginseng) (Black ginseng) (Sand ginseng) (Bitter ginseng)

Illustrations of a variety of “Seng” in Pen-tsao kang-mu 本草綱目 (Compendium of Materia Medica) by Li Shih-chen 李時珍 (1518-1593) II. The Tale of Ginseng: A Curious History i. In Chinese Documents tzi-shen 紫參 tan-shen 丹參 yuan-shen 元參 (Purple ginseng) (Red ginseng) (Black ginseng) sha-shen 沙參 k’u-shen 苦參 (Sand ginseng) (Bitter ginseng) ren-shen 人參 (Man’s root)