华南理工大学：《物理化学》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）Chapter 5 化学平衡 Chemical equilibrium

物理化学电子教案第5章 Chemical equilibrium 夫平衡箱 3/F dD+ eE fF+ gG PF PG 4上一内容下一内容◇回主目录 返回

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 物理化学电子教案—第5章 Chemical Equilibrium

Chapter 5 Chemical equilibrium 5. 1 The conditions of chemical equilibrium and affinity of chemical reaction 5.2 The equilibrium constant of a reaction and isothermal equation 5. 3 Heterogeneous chemical equilibrium 5.4 Determination of equilibrium constants 5.5 The standard Gibbs function of formation 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 Chapter 5 Chemical equilibrium 5.1 The conditions of chemical equilibrium and affinity of chemical reaction 5.2 The equilibrium constant of a reaction and isothermal equation 5.3 Heterogeneous chemical equilibrium 5.4 Determination of equilibrium constants 5.5 The standard Gibbs function of formation

Contents 5.6 The response of reactions to the conditions 5.7 Chemical equilibrium of simultaneous reaction 5.8 Coupling reaction Express mathematically how the equilibrium constant depends on the temperature, and derive and use the vant Hoff equation 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 Contents 5.8 Coupling reaction 5.7 Chemical equilibrium of simultaneous reaction 5.6 The response of reactions to the conditions Express mathematically how the equilibrium constant depends on the temperature, and derive and use the van’t Hoff equation

Chemical reactions We have seen that the natural direction of all change at constant temperature and pressure is towards minimum gibbs function The idea is entirely general, and in this chapter we use it as a basis for the discussion of chemical transformations 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 Chemical reactions We have seen that the natural direction of all change at constant temperature and pressure is towards minimum Gibbs function. The idea is entirely general, and in this chapter we use it as a basis for the discussion of chemical transformations

Consider the reaction +B C+D Is the natural tendency for the mixture A+B to go to the mixture C+D, or the opposite? This can be answered by calculating the Gibbs function of each mixture If the sum of the gibbs functions of atb is higher than that of C+D, then the reaction has a tendency to ro o11 from left to right 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 Consider the reaction A+B  C+D Is the natural tendency for the mixture A+B to go to the mixture C+D, or the opposite? This can be answered by calculating the Gibbs function of each mixture. If the sum of the Gibbs functions of A+B is higher than that of C+D, then the reaction has a tendency to roll from left to right

Chemical reaction system Suppose a reaction 1D+e+…→>fF+gG+ Or O Vo B B B Based on extent of reaction d B d B 4上一内容下一内容◇回主目录 返回

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 Chemical reaction system Suppose a reaction： d e f g D E F G + +  → + +  B d B d   n = d d nB B =  Based on extent of reaction： =  B Or: 0  B B

Fundamental equation dG=-SdT+ydp+ 2uBdnB B At const. t and p (dG)n=∑A2dh1=∑vd5( B OG ()x,=∑vB a B -1 mol (△G BAB (b) B 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 Fundamental equation = − + +  B dG SdT Vdp  B dnB , B B B B B B （ ）d d d G n T p = =       B B (d d ) n =  At const. T and P， , B B B ( ) (a) T p G     =    = 1 mol ： r m , B B B (b) （ ）  = G T p  

Direction and limit of a chemical reaction Use (,∑M或(△ Gn to determine: (△Gmn) ,p o The reaction spontaneous proceeds from left to right r,p >o The reaction spontaneously (△Gn proceeds from right to left (A Gm)n=o The reaction is at equilibrium 4上一内容下一内容◇回主目录 返回

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 , B r m , B ( ) , ( ) T p B T p G   G      或 r m , ( )  G T p  0 The reaction spontaneously proceeds from left to right. r m , ( ) 0  G T p  The reaction spontaneously proceeds from right to left. r m , ( ) 0  G T p = The reaction is at equilibrium. Direction and limit of a chemical reaction Use to determine:

Direction and limit of a chemical reaction aG is the slope of g with respect to the extent , P of reaction 5 dFr=o from left to right G G alpo From right to left >(0 G OG T, 0 At equilibrium 0 5— 体亲的吉布斯自由能和的关亲 4上一内容下一内容◇回主目录 返回

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 ( ) 0 ,    T p G  From left to right ( ) 0 ,    T p G  From right to left ( ) 0 , =   T p G  At equilibrium Direction and limit of a chemical reaction T P G ,          is the slope of G with recpect to the extent of reaction 

Direction and limit of a chemical reaction 体垂的古市斯自由能和的亲 4上一内容下一内容令回主目录 返回

上一内容 下一内容 回主目录 返回 Direction and limit of a chemical reaction