中国农业大学：《动物遗传学》课程PPT教学课件（双语版）第六章 基因表达调控

Chapter 6 Regulation of gene expression 第六章基因表达调控 From genes to characters 从基因至性状的过程 Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes 原核生物基因表达的调节 a Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes 真核生物基因表达的调节

Chapter 6 Regulation of gene expression 第六章 基因表达调控 ◼ From genes to characters 从基因至性状的过程 ◼ Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes 原核生物基因表达的调节 ◼ Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes 真核生物基因表达的调节

MITOCHONDRION Chromosomal DNA NUCLEUS Nuclear T Transcripti A人A △人人 Primary Reverse RNA transcr transcription processing snRNA Other CDNA mitochondrial Mito rRNA mRNA tRNA cytoma TRNA ribosomes mRNA tRNA Small cytoplasmic Translation ribosomes Translation N Post-translational processing N.. C ther organelles+ cytosol secreted proteins

Genes Characters 基因 性状 Genes基因 Characters 性状 Environmen环境 DNA→mRNA→ Protein蛋白质

Genes Characters 基因 性状 Characters 性状 Genes基因 Environment环境 DNA mRNA Protein蛋白质

From genes to characters 从基因至性状的过程 The conception: one gene one peptide 个基因一条多肽链的概念 Genetic controls of meta bolism 代谢作用的遗传控制 Variations in gene action and phenocopies 基因效应的变异与拟表型

From genes to characters 从基因至性状的过程 ➢ The conception: one gene one peptide 一个基因一条多肽链的概念 ➢ Genetic controls of metabolism 代谢作用的遗传控制 ➢ Variations in gene action and phenocopies 基因效应的变异与拟表型

个基因 种障碍物 基因 种酶 个基因一条多肽链 The conception; one gene one peptide 个基因一条多肽链的概念

一个基因 一种障碍物 一个基因 一种酶 一个基因一条多肽链 The conception: one gene one peptide 一个基因一条多肽链的概念

基因A 酶A 底物 中间产物1 基因B→酶B 基因C 酶C 中间产物2 产物 Genetic controls of meta bolism 代谢作用的遗传控制

底物 中间产物1 中间产物2 产物 酶A 酶B 酶C 基因A 基因B 基因C Genetic controls of metabolism 代谢作用的遗传控制

Variations in gene action and phenocopies基因 效应的变异与拟表型 Expressivity: Degree of expression of a trait controlled by gene. a particular gene may produce different degrees of expression in different individua表现度:某一基因型表达的 程度。 Penetrance: The percentage of individuals that show a particular phenotype among those capable of showing it. 外显率:表现某一特定表型个体的比例。 Phenocopy: An organism whose phenotype(but not genotype) has been changed by the environment to resemble the phenotype of different(mutant)organismi 表型:环境因素有时引起非遗传的表型变化

Variations in gene action and phenocopies基因 效应的变异与拟表型 ✓ Expressivity: Degree of expression of a trait controlled by gene. A particular gene may produce different degrees of expression in different individuals表现度：某一基因型表达的 程度。 ✓ Penetrance: The percentage of individuals that show a particular phenotype among those capable of showing it. 外显率：表现某一特定表型个体的比例。 ✓ Phenocopy: An organism whose phenotype (but not genotype) has been changed by the environment to resemble the phenotype of different (mutant) organism拟 表型：环境因素有时引起非遗传的表型变化

Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes 原核生物基因表达的调节 An abbreviated pathway of gene expression in prokaryotes简述 Operons: coordinately regulated units of gene expression操纵子学说 The lactose operon in E.coli大肠杆菌 乳糖操纵子

Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes 原核生物基因表达的调节 ➢ An abbreviated pathway of gene expression in prokaryotes 简述 ➢ Operons: coordinately regulated units of gene expression 操纵子学说 ➢ The lactose operon in E.coli 大肠杆菌 乳糖操纵子

An abbreviated pathway of gene expression in prokaryotes简述 Levels at which gene expression is regulated in prokaryotes 3. RNA stability 1. Transcription 2.RNA processing 4.Translation 5.Posttranlation DNA- RNA transcriptmRNA Protein Function performed y protein

An abbreviated pathway of gene expression in prokaryotes简述 Levels at which gene expression is regulated in prokaryotes 3. RNA stability 1.Transcription 2. RNA processing 4. Translation 5. Posttranlation DNA RNA transcript mRNA Protein Function performed by protein

Operons: coordinately regulated units of gene expression操纵子学说 Operon Structural genes P‖R P210SG1 SG2 SG3 Repressor Pl: promoter for regulator gene Effector molecule○ R: regulator gene P2: promoter for operon, O: operator

Operons: coordinately regulated units of gene expression 操纵子学说 P1 R P2 O SG1 SG2 SG3 Operon Structural genes P1: promoter for regulator gene; R: regulator gene; P2: promoter for operon; O: operator Repressor Effector molecule