河南师范大学：《生物化学》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）Section M Nitrogen Metabolism

Section M Nitrogen Metabolism M1. Nitrogen Fixation and assimilation M2 Amino acid metabolism M3. The urea cvcle M4 Hemes and chlorophylls

M1. Nitrogen Fixation and Assimilation M2. Amino acid metabolism M3. The urea cycle M4. Hemes and chlorophylls Section M Nitrogen Metabolism

Nitrogen fixation and assimilation 1.The nitrogen cycle 2. Nitrogen fixation 3. Nitrogen assimilation同化作用

1. The nitrogen cycle 2. Nitrogen fixation 3. Nitrogen assimilation 同化作用 Nitrogen fixation and assimilation

The nitrogen cycle The nitrogen cycle is the movement of nitrogen through the food chain from simple inorganic compounds mainly ammonia, to complex organic compounds

The nitrogen cycle The nitrogen cycle is the movement of nitrogen through the food chain from simple inorganic compounds , mainly ammonia, to complex organic compounds

INORGANIC Some Nitrate Denitrification microorganisms NO Most plants and reduction microorganisms Assimilation and Catabolism biosynthesIs Amino acids Nucleotides Porphyrins All organisms Biosynthesis Catabolism Proteins ORGANIC DNA RNA Polysaccharides Phospholipid Fig. 1. The interrelationships between inorganic and organic nitrogen metabolism

脱氨作用 分解代谢

Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of n2 gas into ammonia, a process carried out by some soil bacteria, cyanobacteria蓝细 菌, and the symbiotic共生的 bacteria Rhizobium根瘤菌 that invade the root nodules of| leguminous豆类 plants

Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of N2 gas into ammonia, a process carried out by some soil bacteria, cyanobacteria蓝细 菌 , and the symbiotic 共生的 bacteria Rhizobium 根瘤菌 that invade the root nodules of leguminous豆类 plants

Nitrogen fixation This process is carried out by the nitrogenase 固氮酶 complex, which consists of a reductase and an iron-molybdenum E containing nitrogenase. At least 16ATP molecules are hydrolyzed to form two molecules of ammonia. Leghemoglobin豆血 红蛋白 is used to protect the nitrogenase in the rhizobium from inactivation by O2

Nitrogen fixation This process is carried out by the nitrogenase 固氮酶 complex, which consists of a reductase and an iron-molybdenum 钼 - containing nitrogenase. At least 16ATP molecules are hydrolyzed to form two molecules of ammonia. Leghemoglobin 豆血 红蛋白is used to protect the nitrogenase in the Rhizobium from inactivation by O2

2ADP + 2P Ferredoxin. Reductase、 7 Nitrogenase\∠N2+8H Photosynthesis or oxidative electron transport Ferredoxin Reductase red Nitrogenase ox 2NH3+H2 2ATP Repeated eight times Fig. 2. The fow of electrons in the nitrogenase-catalyzed reduction of N2

nitrogenase 铁氧还蛋 白

Nitrogen assimilation Ammonia is assimilated by all organisms into organIc nitrogen-containing compounds(amino acids, nucleotides, etc.) by the action of glutamate dehydrogenase (to form glutamate) and glutamine synthetase (to form glutamine)

Nitrogen assimilation Ammonia is assimilated by all organisms into organic nitrogen-containing compounds(amino acids,nucleotides,etc.) by the action of glutamate dehydrogenase (to form glutamate) and glutamine synthetase (to form glutamine)

Amino acid family CITRIC ACID CYCLE LyE GLYCOLYSIS L GLYCOLYSIS ENTOSE PHOSPHATE ATV ↓ T

Amino acid family

Amino acid degradation Amino acids are degraded by the removal of the a-amino group and the conversion of the resulting carbon skeleton into one or more metabolic intermediates

Amino acid degradation • Amino acids are degraded by the removal of the α-amino group and the conversion of the resulting carbon skeleton into one or more metabolic intermediates