《美国政府与政治》（英文版） Chapter 10 The Presidency

Chapter 10 The presidency

Chapter 10 The Presidency

The Many Roles of the President o chief of state- the role of the president as the ceremonial head of government o chief executive --the role of the president as the head of the executive branch of the government o commander in chief of the armed forces - the role of the president as the supreme commander of military forces of the U. S o chief diplomat --the role of the president in recognizing federal governments, making treaties, and making executive agreements o chief legislator - the role of the president in influencing the making of laws

The Many Roles of the President o chief of state – the role of the president as the ceremonial head of government o chief executive -- the role of the president as the head of the executive branch of the government o commander in chief of the armed forces -- the role of the president as the supreme commander of military forces of the U.S. o chief diplomat -- the role of the president in recognizing federal governments, making treaties, and making executive agreements o chief legislator -- the role of the president in influencing the making of laws

FIGURE 13-1 Public Popularity of Modern Presidents EISENHOWER JOHNSONNIXON FORD CARTER REAGAN BUSH CLINTON 艺 5山 195355575961636567697173757779818385878991939597990102 Year SOURCES: Public Opinion, February/March 1988, pp 36-39: and Gallup polls, 1992 through 2002

The President as Chief Legislator the State of the Union address s Proposing legislation typically easier to get Presidential initiatives passed when President's party control Congress typically more difficult when it does not Vetoing legislation requires a veto message

The President as Chief Legislator * the State of the Union Address * Proposing legislation – typically easier to get Presidential initiatives passed when President’s party control Congress – typically more difficult when it does not * Vetoing legislation – requires a veto message

Presidential Vetoes, 1789 to Presen REGULAR VETOES POcKET Y PRESIDENT VETOES OvERRIDDEN VETOES VETOES 1789-1797 797-18 I Acorns 1801-189Jefh 200 00020 l817-1825Mon 1825-1829J.Q. Adams 829-183 1837-1841 Van Buren harris 1841-1845 yle 050062 1845-1849 Poll Taylor 07104100 Fillmore 1853-1857 Pierre Buchanan LincoIn 1865-1865 A. Johnson 1869-187 1877-1881 Hayes l881-1881 Garfield 88I 1885- Cleveland 304 110 414 1889-183 893-1897 Cleveland 1897-1901 Me Kinley 901-1909 T Roosevelt Tan 1913-19 33 44 1921-1923 Harding 0 1923-1929 Coolidge 1929-1933 Hoover 1933-1945 F Roosevelt 372 1945-1953 Truman 1953-19 Eisenhower 1961-1 Kennedy 1969-1974 171po 28 1989-19 1993-201 Clinton G. W Bush Iwo pocket vetoes by President NINon overruled in the carts are countri here an emlar vetoes. President Clinton,'s Iine itern veto are not included

Special Uses of presidential Power o Emergency Powers o Executive Orders-have the force of law o can be used to enforce legislative statutes o can be used to enforce the Constitution or treaties with foreign nations o can be used to establish or modify rules and practices of executive administrative agencies o Executive Privilege

Special Uses of Presidential Power o Emergency Powers o Executive Orders – have the force of law o can be used to enforce legislative statutes o can be used to enforce the Constitution or treaties with foreign nations o can be used to establish or modify rules and practices of executive administrative agencies o Executive Privilege

The Executive Organization The Cabinet- comprised of the 14 cabinet secretaries and the Attorney general, the cabinet is an advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions The Executive Office of the President (the EOP) consists of 10 staff agencies that assist the president in carrying out major duties o includes the White House Office(WHO) o the National Security CouncIl (NSC) o the Office of Management and Budget(OMB) o the Council of Economic Advisors(CEA)

The Executive Organization The Cabinet – comprised of the 14 cabinet secretaries and the Attorney general, the cabinet is an advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions The Executive Office of the President (the EOP) – consists of 10 staff agencies that assist the president in carrying out major duties o includes the White House Office (WHO) o the National Security Council (NSC) o the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) o the Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)

TABLE 13-1. Total Civilian Employment in Cabinet Departments Available for Political Appointment by the Presiden PolItICAL EXECUTIVE TOTAL NUMBER OF APPOINTMENTS DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES AvAILablE PERCENTAGE Agriculture 100.084 439 Commerce 39.151 146 1.13 Defense 670.568 466 0.06 Education 4.581 4.06 Er nergy 15.689 433 Health and Human Services 63.323 391 0.61 Housing and Urban Development Interion 72.982 240 0.32 Ju stce 126,711 501 Labor 16.016 1.17 State 28054 1,066 3.79 Transportation 64,131 274 0.42 Ire treasury 159.274 231 0.14 Veterans Affairs 3.137 315 0.14 TOTAL 1,593.855 5.332 SOURCEs: Policy and Supporting Positions(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2000): U.S. Office of Personnel management, 2002

TABLE 10-1 Line of Succession to the Presidency of the United States 1. Vice president 2. Speaker of the House of Representatives 3. Senate president pro tempore 4. Sectetary of state 5. Sectetary of the treasury 6. Secretary of defense 7. Attorney geheral (heads Justice 8. Secretary of the interior 9. Secretary of agriculture 10. Secretary of commerce 11. Secretary of labot 12. Secretary of health and human 13. Secretary of housing and urban development of transportation 15. Secretary of energy 16. Secretary of education 17. Secretary of veterans affairs 18. Secretary of home land security

Hot Links to selected Internet Resources Books Companion site http://politicalscience.wadsworth.com/schmid tbrief2004 Wadsworth's political science site. http://politicalscience. ● The White house: http://www.whitehous Inaugural Addresses of the presidents of the United States: htt ebv. com/124

Hot Links to Selected Internet Resources: • Book’s Companion Site: http://politicalscience.wadsworth.com/schmid tbrief2004 • Wadsworth’s Political Science Site: http://politicalscience.wadsworth.com • The White House: http://www.whitehouse.gov • Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States: http://www.bartleby.com/124