《生物化学—代谢篇》第二十二章 糖酵解

第二十二章 糖酵解 Glycolysis and the Catabolism of Hexoses

第二十二章 糖 酵 解 Glycolysis and the Catabolism of Hexoses

An overview on D-glucose metabolism 大多数机体的能源物质,彻底氧化:4Gb 2840 k/mole ●通过磷酸戊糖途径可产生 NADPH和 ribose-5-P。 可以以多糖( glycogen or starch)或转化为脂肪进 行长期储存。 几乎所有的生物分子都可由葡萄糖合成( amino acids, nucleotides fatty acids, coenzymes and other metabolic intermediates

An overview on D-glucose metabolism • 大多数机体的能源物质，彻底氧化： G' o = – 2840 kJ/mole • 通过磷酸戊糖途径可产生NADPH 和 ribose-5-P 。 • 可以以多糖 (glycogen or starch) 或转化为脂肪进 行长期储存。 • 几乎所有的生物分子都可由葡萄糖合成（amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, coenzymes and other metabolic intermediates.）

An overview on D-glucose metabolism Metabolism of Glucose ucose under glycolysis 00 successive Aerobic and anaerobic anaerobie Anaerobic conditione 2 Pyruvate conditions Conditions: 2 Ethanol 2cO auditions 2 Lactate Alcohol fermentation Fermentation to ye lactate in vigorously 2 Acetyl-CoA contracting muscle. in erythrocytes, and in o,citric bome microorganisms 400 hGo Animal, plant, and many microbial cells under aerobic conditions

• Metabolism of glucose under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions: An overview on D-glucose metabolism

The Development of Biochemistry and the Delineation of Glycolysis Went Hand by Hand 1897, Eduard Buchner (Germany), accidental observation sucrose(as a preservative) was rapidly fermented into alcohol by cell-free yeast extract. The accepted view that fermentation is inextricably tied to living cells (i. e the vta| istic dogma,活力论) was shaken and Biochemistry was born Metabolism became chemistry

The Development of Biochemistry and the Delineation of Glycolysis Went Hand by Hand • 1897, Eduard Buchner (Germany), accidental observation : sucrose (as a preservative) was rapidly fermented into alcohol by cell-free yeast extract. • The accepted view that fermentation is inextricably tied to living cells (i.e., the vitalistic dogma,活力论) was shaken and Biochemistry was born: Metabolism became chemistry!

1900s, Arthur Harden and william young pi is needed for yeast juice to ferment glucose, a hexose diphosphate(fructose 1,6- bisphosphate) was isolated 1900s Arthur Harden and william Young (Great Britain separated the yeast juice into two fractions one heat-labile, non dialyzable zymase(enzymes)and the other heat-stable, dialyzable cozymase(metal ions, ATP ADP NAD+)

• 1900s, Arthur Harden and William Young Pi is needed for yeast juice to ferment glucose, a hexose diphosphate (fructose 1,6- bisphosphate) was isolated. • 1900s, Arthur Harden and William Young (Great Britain) separated the yeast juice into two fractions: one heat-labile, non－ dialyzable zymase (enzymes) and the other heat-stable, dialyzable cozymase (metal ions, ATP, ADP, NAD+)

1910S-1930s, Gustav Embden and otto Meyerhof (Germany), studied muscle and its extracts Reconstructed all the transformation steps from glycogen to lactic acid in vitro revealed that many reactions of lactic acid (muscle)and alcohol (yeast) fermentations were the same Discovered that lactic acid is reconverted to carbohydrate in the presence of O2 (gluconeogenesis); observed that some phosphorylated compounds are energy-rich

• 1910s-1930s, Gustav Embden and Otto Meyerhof (Germany), studied muscle and its extracts: – Reconstructed all the transformation steps from glycogen to lactic acid in vitro; revealed that many reactions of lactic acid (muscle) and alcohol (yeast) fermentations were the same! – Discovered that lactic acid is reconverted to carbohydrate in the presence of O2 (gluconeogenesis); observed that some phosphorylated compounds are energy-rich

Glycolysis was also known as Embden-Meyerhof pathway. The whole pathway of glycolysis (Glucose to pyruvate) was elucidated by the 1940s

• Glycolysis was also known as Embden-Meyerhof pathway. • The whole pathway of glycolysis (Glucose to pyruvate) was elucidated by the 1940s

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907 for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation Eduard Buchner Germany Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricul tural College) Berlin, Germany 1860-1917

Arthur Harden 1865-1940 William Young l878-19492

The nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929 for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enz ymes Presentation Speech Sir Arthur Harden Great Britain London University London Great Britain 1865-1940 Hans von Euler-Chelpin Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden 1873-1 Biography Swedish Nobel Stamps