北京化工大学：《物理化学》课程教学资源（双语读书报告）nanotechnology

nanotechnology Applied Chemistry0605 Ma Xuelu

nanotechnology Applied Chemistry0605 Ma Xuelu

nanotechnology overview nano- technology Introduction Properties Company Logo

Company Logo nano￾technology overview Introduction Properties nanotechnology

Introduction ant 10-2 metre microelectromechanical cm= 10 mm 10-3 metre mm- 000 microns (um) ust mite 2004m 10metre= 0.1 mm quantum corral of 104m 48 iron atoms on copper surface positioned one at a time with a scanning tunneling microscope tip 14 nm corral diameter human hair 10-50 um wide 10-6 metre 10-7metre= 0.14 1.0 angstroms(A) DNA red blood cell 2-5 um wide 2-12 nm diameter carbon nanotub 2 nm diamete Company Logo

Company Logo Introduction

Introduction the manipulation and redd 7e 0-00m manufacture of materials and devices on the scale of atoms or small groups of atoms.The 0mcms (um) “nanoscale”is typically measured in nanometres,or billionths of a metre,and 230 materials built at this scale often exhibit distinctive DoSoned one 8 physical and chemical atme wth a scannng ngmpp properties.Although usable 14 rm oomral damel devices this small may be decades away techniques for working at the nanoscale have become essential to electronic engineering,and nanoengineered materials have begun to appear in consumer products. 2-12 rmdameet 020En5rpsarlea,c Company Logo

Company Logo Introduction ™ the manipulation and manufacture of materials and devices on the scale of atoms or small groups of atoms. The “nanoscale” is typically measured in nanometres, or billionths of a metre ,and materials built at this scale often exhibit distinctive physical and chemical properties. Although usable devices this small may be decades away ,techniques for working at the nanoscale have become essential to electronic engineering, and nanoengineered materials have begun to appear in consumer products

Introduction For example,billions of inverse micelle microscopic"nanowhis kers,"each about 10 phospholpid molecule nanometres in length, have been molecularly hooked onto natural hydrophilic(polar) and synthetic fibres to phosphate head impart stain resistance hydrophobic(nonpolar) 2005 Encyclopaedia Britannica,c. atty acid tail to clothing and other fabrics;zinc oxide Phospholipid molecules,composed nanocrystals have of fatty acid "tails"and a phosphate been used to create “head,”form an inverse micelle in a invisible sunscreens nonaqueous solution.The that block ultraviolet light;and silver phosphate group converts one end nanocrystals have of the lipid molecule into a polar,or been embedded in hydrophilic,group,leaving the bandages to kill preferentially attracted nonpolar,or bacteria and prevent hydrophobic,end of the molecule to infection. react with the nonaqueous solution. Company Logo

Company Logo Introduction For example, billions of microscopic“nanowhis kers,” each about 10 nanometres in length, have been molecularly hooked onto natural and synthetic fibres to impart stain resistance to clothing and other fabrics; zinc oxide nanocrystals have been used to create invisible sunscreens that block ultraviolet light; and silver nanocrystals have been embedded in bandages to kill bacteria and prevent infection. Phospholipid molecules, composed of fatty acid “tails” and a phosphate “head,” form an inverse micelle in a nonaqueous solution. The phosphate group converts one end of the lipid molecule into a polar, or hydrophilic, group, leaving the preferentially attracted nonpolar, or hydrophobic, end of the molecule to react with the nonaqueous solution

nanotechnology overview nano- technology Introduction Properties Company Logo

Company Logo nano￾technology overview Introduction Properties nanotechnology

Properties at the nanoscale preamble At nanoscale dimensions the properties of materials no longer depend solely on composition and structure in the usual sense.Nanomaterials display new phenomena associated with quantized effects and with the preponderance of surfaces and interfaces. Company Logo

Company Logo Properties at the nanoscale preamble At nanoscale dimensions the properties of materials no longer depend solely on composition and structure in the usual sense. Nanomaterials display new phenomena associated with quantized effects and with the preponderance of surfaces and interfaces

Properties at the nanoscale Electronic and photonic behaviour The geometry is that of a soccer ball with a carbon atom at each vertex. Encyelopaedia Britannics,ine. Magnetic,mechanical,and chemical behaviour Company Logo

Company Logo Properties at the nanoscale Electronic and photonic behaviour Electronic and photonic behaviour Electronic and photonic behaviour Magnetic, mechanical, and chemical behaviour Magnetic, mechanical, and chemical behaviour Magnetic, mechanical, and chemical behaviour

Properties at the nanoscale Magnetic,Mechanical,and chemical behaviour Nanoscale materials also have size-dependent magnetic behaviour.At very small sizes(a few nanometres),magnetic nanoclusters have a single magnetic domain,and the strongly coupled magnetic spins on each atom combine to produce a particle with a single"giant"spin. Magnetic,Mechanical,and chemical behaviour Mechanical properties of nanostructured materials can reach exceptional strengths.As a specific example,the introduction of two-nanometre aluminum oxide precipitates into thin films of pure nickel results in yield strengths increasing from 0.15 to 5 gigapascals,which is more than twice that for a hard bearing steel.Another example of exceptional mechanical properties at the nanoscale is the carbon nanotube,which exhibits great strength and stiffness along its longitudinal axis. Company Logo

Company Logo Properties at the nanoscale Magnetic Magnetic Magnetic, Mechanical, and chemical behaviour , Mechanical, and chemical behaviour , Mechanical, and chemical behaviour Nanoscale materials also have size-dependent magnetic behaviour. At very small sizes (a few nanometres), magnetic nanoclusters have a single magnetic domain, and the strongly coupled magnetic spins on each atom combine to produce a particle with a single “giant” spin. Mechanical properties of nanostructured materials can reach exceptional strengths. As a specific example, the introduction of two-nanometre aluminum oxide precipitates into thin films of pure nickel results in yield strengths increasing from 0.15 to 5 gigapascals, which is more than twice that for a hard bearing steel. Another example of exceptional mechanical properties at the nanoscale is the carbon nanotube, which exhibits great strength and stiffness along its longitudinal axis. Magnetic, Magnetic, Magnetic, Mechanical, and chemical behaviour Mechanical Mechanical, and chemical behaviour , and chemical behaviour

Properties at the nanoscale Magnetic,Mechanical,and chemical behaviour The intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology offers the possibility of achieving new functions and properties with nanostructured surfaces.In this surface-and interface-dominated regime,biology does an exquisite job of selectively controlling functions through a combination of structure and chemical forces.The transcription of information stored in genes and the selectivity of biochemical reactions based on chemical recognition of complex molecules are examples where interfaces play the key role in establishing nanoscale behaviour.Atomic forces and chemical bonds dominate at these dimensions,while macroscopic effects-such as convection,turbulence,and momentum (inertial forces)-are of little consequence nalMs1enam Company Logo

Company Logo Properties at the nanoscale Magnetic, Mechanical, and Magnetic, Mechanical, and Magnetic, Mechanical, and chemical behaviour chemical behaviour chemical behaviour The intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology offers the possibility of achieving new functions and properties with nanostructured surfaces. In this surface- and interface-dominated regime, biology does an exquisite job of selectively controlling functions through a combination of structure and chemical forces. The transcription of information stored in genes and the selectivity of biochemical reactions based on chemical recognition of complex molecules are examples where interfaces play the key role in establishing nanoscale behaviour. Atomic forces and chemical bonds dominate at these dimensions, while macroscopic effects—such as convection, turbulence, and momentum (inertial forces)—are of little consequence