复旦大学：《人类进化 Human Evolution》教学课件_语言和人类演化综论（语言基因、工具制造和语言演化、语音和演化、大脑和感知）

语言和人类演化综论 School of life sciences Fudan ur

School of Life Sciences Fudan University 语言和人类演化综论

The Tower of babel School of life sciences Fudan University

School of Life Sciences Fudan University The Tower of Babel

The Tower of babel 巴别塔( The Tower of babel)取自《圣经》旧约全书中的《创世 纪》,讲的是在大洪水以后诺亚的后人来到一个叫西纳的地方居住, 突然间心血来潮想建一座高可通天的宝塔,以纪念人类在地球上所创 下的丰功伟绩。上帝得知这个消息后很是不高兴,于是就变乱了他们 的语言。由于每个人说的话其他人都听不懂,当时也没翻译这种职业, 所以人们根本就没办法把塔盖起来,这座塔也就永远地停工了。这些 人同时又觉得再也没有生活在一起的必要,于是就分道扬镳了,分散 到了世界的各个角落,分别成为我们七大洲的祖先。 School of life sciences Fudan University

School of Life Sciences Fudan University The Tower of Babel  巴别塔（The Tower of Babel）取自《圣经》旧约全书中的《创世 纪》，讲的是在大洪水以后诺亚的后人来到一个叫西纳的地方居住， 突然间心血来潮想建一座高可通天的宝塔，以纪念人类在地球上所创 下的丰功伟绩。上帝得知这个消息后很是不高兴，于是就变乱了他们 的语言。由于每个人说的话其他人都听不懂，当时也没翻译这种职业， 所以人们根本就没办法把塔盖起来，这座塔也就永远地停工了。这些 人同时又觉得再也没有生活在一起的必要，于是就分道扬镳了，分散 到了世界的各个角落，分别成为我们七大洲的祖先

11: 1 And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech 11: 2 It happened as they traveled east that they found the plain in the land of shinar and they lived(dwelt there 11: 3 They said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly They had brick for stone, and they used tart for morter 11: 4 They said, Come, let's build for ourselves a city, and a tower whose top reaches to the sky, and let 's make for ourselves a name, otherwise we will be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth 11: 5 The loRd came down to see the city and the tower which the children of men built n 11: 6 The LORD said, Behold, there are one people, and they have all one language And this is what they begin to do, Now nothing will be withheld from them, which they intend to do 11: 7 Come, let's go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another's speech 11: 8 So the LORD scattered them abroad from there upon the surface of all the earth. They stopped building the city 11: 9 Therefore the name of it was called babel because the lord confused the language of all the earth there and from there the loRd scattered them abroad upon the surface of all the earth School of life sciences Fudan University

School of Life Sciences Fudan University  11:1 And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.  11:2 It happened as they traveled east that they found the plain in the land of Shinar; and they lived(dwelt) there.  11:3They said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. They had brick for stone, and they used tart for morter.  11:4 They said, “Come, let’s build for ourselves a city, and a tower whose top reaches to the sky, and let’s make for ourselves a name, otherwise we will be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth.”  11:5 The LORD came down to see the city and the tower which the children of men built.  11:6 The LORD said, “Behold, there are one people, and they have all one language. And this is what they begin to do, Now nothing will be withheld from them, which they intend to do.  11:7 Come, let's go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another's speech."  11:8 So the LORD scattered them abroad from there upon the surface of all the earth. They stopped building the city.  11:9 Therefore the name of it was called Babel; because the LORD confused the language of all the earth there and from there the LORD scattered them abroad upon the surface of all the earth

世界语言 Language Families 斯基想语系 Eskimo-Aleut 回用泰語系Aac 佩努地語系Pent 日剛果語系N ger. Conge■北高索語系 North caucasian33南亞函系 Austro-Asiatic 亞照占克酒系 12尼羅撒哈拉酒乐 Nilo-Saharan23扁拉语系uae 34漏语系 Sino- Tibetan 44丹語系 Na-Dene 馬避語 Mayan 3柯伊桑系 Khoisan 团系 ndo-European35南房系 Austronesian 45大函系 Marco-Siouan 能勒比肝系 Ge-Panoan- Carib 14菲亞函系Afro- Asiatic 36泛新内亞語系 Trans-New Guinea46荷堪語系 Hokan 3萧安系 Quechuan 31请拉威酒系 Dravidian 37澳两系 Australian 32安连语乐 Andaman6e38古西的利亞系 Paleosiberian48他呵特克融系 Uto-Aztecan65吗瓦肯邑乐 Arawakan 语系>语族>语支>语种>语言 School of life sciences Fudan ur

School of Life Sciences Fudan University 世界语言  语系 > 语族 > 语支 > 语种 > 语言

中国境内语系 汉藏语系 阿尔泰语系 南岛语系 南亚语系 印欧语系 Sciences Fudan University

School of Life Sciences Fudan University 中国境内语系 汉藏语系 阿尔泰语系 南岛语系 南亚语系 印欧语系

语言演化的研究跨度( Socio-Culture Genetics 2 Physiology Neurology Cognition Pragmatics Phonology Grammar Semantics 历史语言学和类型学( Historical Linguistics& Typology) 人类学和考古( Anthropology& Archaeology) 遗传学和脑科学( Genetics& Neuroscience) 动物行为学( Animal Behaviors 计算机模拟仿真和行为实验〔 Computer Simulation& Experimental Semiotics School of life sciences Fudan University

School of Life Sciences Fudan University 语言演化的研究跨度  历史语言学和类型学（Historical Linguistics & Typology）  人类学和考古（Anthropology & Archaeology）  遗传学和脑科学（Genetics & Neuroscience）  动物行为学（Animal Behaviors）  计算机模拟仿真和行为实验（Computer Simulation & Experimental Semiotics）

FOXP2语言基因 School of life sciences Fudan ur

School of Life Sciences Fudan University FOXP2：语言基因

FOXP2语言基因? 发声器官的精确连续控制、脑部神经中枢的发展、语法组 织能力都是人类所独有。 KE家族(1990):发育性言语失用症/特殊言语损伤SL 口这个家庭的患病成员有着跟常人相同或者相近的智力、行为水平。 能够听懂别人的语言。 无法掌握语法知识 口唯一的显著区别是其语言能力的丧失:家族患者不仅对于人类说话 所必须的舌头、嘴、唇的连续控制存在大量问题。 School of life sciences Fudan University

School of Life Sciences Fudan University FOXP2：语言基因？  发声器官的精确连续控制、脑部神经中枢的发展、语法组 织能力都是人类所独有。  KE家族 (1990)：发育性言语失用症 / 特殊言语损伤 SLI  这个家庭的患病成员有着跟常人相同或者相近的智力、行为水平。  能够听懂别人的语言。  无法掌握语法知识。  唯一的显著区别是其语言能力的丧失：家族患者不仅对于人类说话 所必须的舌头、嘴、唇的连续控制存在大量问题

KE家族的言语 “Aa. y me aar Shuar, ah ist bedfond aa me ah six” My name is Stewart and l live in Bedfont. /am six. - Di nam ist zoe and dyl liv howwoh, I...di...da...di...howwoh SIX My name is Zoe and l live in Hounslow and/ am six. School of life sciences Faraneh Vargha-Khadem UCL Fudan University

School of Life Sciences Fudan University KE 家族的言语  “Aa...y me aar Shuar, ah ist Bedfond. Aa me ah six.” My name is Stewart and I live in Bedfont. I am six.  “D’i nam ist Zoe and’ dyl liv howwoh, I…d’i…d’a…d’i…howwoh – six” My name is Zoe and I live in Hounslow and I am six. Faraneh Vargha-Khadem @ UCL