《英语科学写作》课程教学资源：Purposes of Academic Writing

Academic Writing Some purposes Writing Structures

Academic Writing Some Purposes & Writing Structures

Fundamental Purposes in Writing · To express o describe To explain To inform To persuade or convince

Fundamental Purposes in Writing • To express • To describe • To explain • To inform • To persuade (or convince)

HIERARCHY OF VALIDITY OF PURPOSE OSt Logica lly complex Persuading Informing Explaining Describing Simplest Expressing

HIERARCHY OF VALIDITY OF PURPOSE • Most Logically complex Persuading • Informing • Explaining • Describing • Simplest Expressing

E: Using different writing structures n academic writing Structure means the way a piece of writing is organised and also-more importantly- what work it is doing: its function in the writing Structure helps to link different ideas together in a piece of writing We normally use more than one structure in our writing assignment/scientific paper

Using different writing structures in academic writing • Structure means the way a piece of writing is organised and also-more importantly￾what work it is doing:its function in the writing • Structure helps to link different ideas together in a piece of writing • We normally use more than one structure in our writing assignment/ scientific paper

Some structures in academic Writin (1 Chronology writing. What happened? This structure follows time with a sense of events. one follows another · You relate or recount Often used in history or used to tell the plot of a novel or film

Some structures in Academic Writing • (1) Chronology Writing- What happened ? This structure follows time with a sense of events, one follows another • You relate or recount • Often used in history or used to tell the plot of a novel or film

Structures in academic writing (2)Descriptive Writing- What is something or someone like? What are its characteristics or what are the different parts that make it up? Descriptive writing needs to be followed by or linked to explanation The visual way to represent description is a diagram, with labelled parts, e.g in Biology

Structures in academic writing • (2) Descriptive Writing- What is something or someone like? What are its characteristics or what are the different parts that make it up? • Descriptive writing needs to be followed by or linked to explanation. • The visual way to represent description is a diagram, with labelled parts,e.g in Biology

)Cause-effect Writing- Why did something happen What were the Consequences Relates events to each other, something is cause ed by something else Why did it happen will involve analysis writing(6)

• (3) Cause-effect Writing- Why did something happen? What were the consequences? • Relates events to each other, something is caused by something else • Why did it happen will involve Analysis writing (6)

.(4) Compare/Contrast writing- How are two things different from and like each other It shows similarities differences between two things, ideas e.g. Social policies, psychological theories etc

• (4) Compare/Contrast writing- How are two things different from and like each other? • It shows similarities, differences between two things, ideas e.g. social policies, psychological theories etc •

(5) Summary Writing- What did the writer say? What is this idea about? a summary gives the gist of what an article or book is about, or briefly what someone says. It may about a particular position or way of unkind

• (5) Summary Writing- What did the writer say? What is this idea about? • A summary gives the gist of what an article or book is about, or briefly what someone says. • It may about a particular position or way of thinking

(6)Analysis writing. Going deeper: what is this all about? This is the most difficult kind of writing Demands we say more about idea/thing It requires us to be searching and ask questions such as

• (6) Analysis writing- Going deeper:what is this all about? • This is the most difficult kind of writing • Demands we say more about idea /thing • It requires us to be searching and ask questions such as: