上海交通大学：《Measurement Systems：Application and Design》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）Chapter 01 Introduction

上游克通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Measurement Systems: Application and Design Lectured by Yixin Ma 27/02/2013 上游充通大￥ Chapter 1 applications of SHANGHAI JAO TONG UNIVERSITY Measurement Instrumentation Contents 1.1 Why Study Measurement System? 1.2 Types of Measurement Applications 1.3 Computer-Aided Machines and Process 1.4 Conclusion the purpose of this course 1.5 Contents of this course 1.6 Related Issues

Measurement Systems: Application and Design Lectured by Yixin Ma 27/02/2013 Chapter 1 Applications of Measurement Instrumentation Contents 1.1 Why Study Measurement System? 1.2 Types of Measurement Applications 1.3 Computer - Aided Machines and Process 1.4 Conclusion - the purpose of this course 1.5 Contents of this course 1.6 Related Issues

上海充通大学 SHANGHAI JLAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.1 Why Study Measurement System? o Measurement System: Components: Measured Measured Processed Medium Hardware Software Variable Data Definition includes all components in a chain of hardware and software that leads from the measured variable to processed data 上海充通大粤 SHANGHAI JAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.1 Why Study Measurement System? Example of manufacture a new automobile Conceptual Instruments Available Design Process New Sensors New Materials Concurrent New Manufacturing Laboratory Process Engineering Testing Design New Components Others.… Vehicle Test Beds Performance Produced Evaluation

1. 1 Why Study Measurement System? Measurement System： Hardware Measured Medium Software Measured Variable Processed Data Components: Definition ： includes all components in a chain of hardware and software that leads from the measured variable to processed data 1. 1 Why Study Measurement System? Example of manufacture a new automobile Conceptual Design Process Concurrent Engineering Design Instruments Available New Sensors Test Beds Laboratory Testing New Materials New Manufacturing Process New Components Others… Vehicle Produced Performance Evaluation

上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JLAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.1 Why Study Measurement System? Example-Sensors used in Vehicle Speedometer -Tachometers:measures the working speed of an engine (esp.in a road vehicle),typically in revolutions per minute(RPM) -Fuel Gages 一Temperature Sensors Global Positioning System(GPS) -Acceleration Sensor(Accelerometer) 一Gyroscopic(陀螺)Instrument:Measures Angular Velocity Engine Operation Sensors Atmospheric Pressure ●Air Flow Rate ●Fuel/Air ratio ●Engine Temperature 上游文更大学 SHANGHAI JAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.2 Types of Measurement Applications Monitoring of Processes and Operations Control of Processes and Operations Experimental Engineering Analysis

1. 1 Why Study Measurement System? Example --- Sensors used in Vehicle ▬ Speedometer ▬ Tachometers: measures the working speed of an engine (esp. in a road vehicle), typically in revolutions per minute (RPM) ▬ Fuel Gages ▬ Temperature Sensors ▬ Global Positioning System (GPS) ▬ Acceleration Sensor (Accelerometer) ▬ Gyroscopic(陀螺) Instrument: Measures Angular Velocity ▬ Engine Operation Sensors z Atmospheric Pressure z Air Flow Rate z Fuel/Air ratio z Engine Temperature 1.2 Types of Measurement Applications Monitoring of Processes and Operations Control of Processes and Operations Experimental Engineering Analysis

上游气通大￥ SHANGHAI JLAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.2 Types of Measurement Applications 1.2.1 Monitoring of Processes and Operations refer to the situations where the measuring device is being used to keep track of some quantity ■Thermometers ■Barometers[气压计；晴雨表：an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure,used esp.in forecasting the weather and determining altitude ■Radars ■Anemometers[风速计]：an instrument for measuring the speed of the wind,or of any current of gas 上海充通大学 SHANGHAI JAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.2 Types of Measurement Applications 1.2.2 Control of Processes and Operations refer to an automatic feedback control system Disturbances Controlled Input Energy Process Variable and/or Material Final Control Measuring Element Instrument Controller 个 Desired Value of Controlled Variable Schematics of Feedback Control System

1.2 Types of Measurement Applications 1.2.1 Monitoring of Processes and Operations refer to the situations where the measuring device is being used to keep track of some quantity Thermometers Barometers[ 气压计 ; 晴雨表 ]: an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, used esp. in forecasting the weather and determining altitude Radars Anemometers[风速计]: an instrument for measuring the speed of the wind, or of any current of gas 1.2 Types of Measurement Applications 1.2.2 Control of Processes and Operations refer to an automatic feedback control system Process Input Energy and/or Material Controller Measuring Instrument Disturbances Final Control Element Desired Value of Controlled Variable Controlled Variable Schematics of Feedback Control System

上誉克通大 SHANGHAI JLAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.2 Types of Measurement Applications 1.2.2 Control of Processes and Operations refer to an automatic feedback control system Measurement Systems that used feedback principle: >Hotwire anemometer[热线风速仪] Feedback System that used Measurement Instruments. >Room temperature control >Antilock Braking System >Coolant Temperature Regulating System >Air-conditioning System >Engine Pollution Controls 上溶充通大粤 SHANGHAI JAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.2 Types of Measurement Applications 1.2.3 Experimental Engineering Analysis is part of engineering design,development,and research that relies on laboratory testing of one kind or another to answer questions. Two ways to solve engineering problem: Theory Experiment

1.2 Types of Measurement Applications 1.2.2 Control of Processes and Operations refer to an automatic feedback control system Measurement Systems that used feedback principle； Hotwire anemometer [热线风速仪] Feedback System that used Measurement Instruments. Room temperature control Antilock Braking System Coolant Temperature Regulating System Air-conditioning System Engine Pollution Controls 1.2 Types of Measurement Applications 1.2.3 Experimental Engineering Analysis is part of engineering design, development, and research that relies on laboratory testing of one kind or another to answer questions. Two ways to solve engineering problem: Theory Experiment

上游充通大学 aodcoe o e on 1.3 Computer-Aided Machines and Process o computer hardware and software can make possible significant advances in productivity,product quality, efficiency,flexibility and safety. o But the computer is helpless to control any machine or process without the sensors that measure critical process variables or the actuators that manipulate process inputs and thus affect the process controlled variables. o Many of the amazing feats of engineering accomplished by computer-aided devices depend heavily on the availability and proper operation of associated measurement system 上浒充通大粤 SHANGHAI JAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.4 Conclusion-the purpose of this course o Measurement Instrumentations are widely used by instrument users as well as designers o Measurement Instrument -Acquire and manipulate information o It is worth for engineers to have basic knowledge of Measurement Systems

1.3 Computer-Aided Machines and Process computer hardware and software can make possible significant advances in productivity, product quality, efficiency, flexibility and safety. But the computer is helpless to control any machine or process without the sensors that measure critical process variables or the actuators that manipulate process inputs and thus affect the process controlled variables. Many of the amazing feats of engineering accomplished by computer-aided devices depend heavily on the availability and proper operation of associated measurement system 1.4 Conclusion- the purpose of this course Measurement Instrumentations are widely used by instrument users as well as designers Measurement Instrument – Acquire and manipulate information It is worth for engineers to have basic knowledge of Measurement Systems

上海通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.5 Contents of this course Ch.2:Configuration and Functional Descriptions of Measuring Instruments Ch.3:Performance Characteristics of Instruments,Introducing static characteristics,static calibration,and dynamic characteristics.The Dynamic Characteristics part will be left for your self reading. Ch.4:Motion and Dimensional Measurement,Including fundamental standards, relative displacement,velocity and acceleration,absolute displacement,velocity and acceleration pickups,etc. Ch.5:Force,torque and shaft power measurement,introducing standards and calibration,basic methods of force measurement,characteristics of elastic force transducers,resolution of vector forces and moments into rectangular components, torque measurement on rotating shafts,shaft power measurement,gyroscopic force and torque measurement,vibrating-wire fore transducers,etc. 上海文通大学 SHANGHAI JAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.5 Contents of this course Ch.6:Pressure and sound measurement.Presenting related standards and calibrations,basic methods,deadweight gages and manometers,elastic transducers,vibrating-cylinder and other resonant transducers,dynamic effects of volumes and connecting tubing,dynamic testing of pressure-measuring systems, high-pressure measurement,low-pressure (vacuum)measurement,sound measurement,etc. Ch.7:Flow measurement,introducing the measurement of local flow velocity, magnitude and direction,gross volume flow rate,gross mass flow rate. Ch.8:Temperature and heat-flux measurement,presenting related standards and calibration,thermal-expansion methods,thermoelectric sensors,electrical- resistance sensors,junction semiconductor sensors,digital thermometers, radiation methods,temperature-measuring problems in flowing fluids,dynamic response of temperature sensors,heat-flux sensors,etc

1.5 Contents of this course Ch. 2: Configuration and Functional Descriptions of Measuring Instruments Ch. 3: Performance Characteristics of Instruments, Introducing static characteristics, static calibration, and dynamic characteristics. The Dynamic Characteristics part will be left for your self reading. Ch. 4: Motion and Dimensional Measurement, Including fundamental standards, relative displacement, velocity and acceleration, absolute displacement, velocity and acceleration pickups, etc. Ch. 5: Force, torque and shaft power measurement, introducing standards and calibration, basic methods of force measurement, characteristics of elastic force transducers, resolution of vector forces and moments into rectangular components, torque measurement on rotating shafts, shaft power measurement, gyroscopic force and torque measurement, vibrating-wire fore transducers, etc. 1.5 Contents of this course Ch. 6: Pressure and sound measurement. Presenting related standards and calibrations, basic methods, deadweight gages and manometers, elastic transducers, vibrating-cylinder and other resonant transducers, dynamic effects of volumes and connecting tubing, dynamic testing of pressure-measuring systems, high-pressure measurement, low-pressure (vacuum) measurement, sound measurement, etc. Ch. 7: Flow measurement, introducing the measurement of local flow velocity, magnitude and direction, gross volume flow rate, gross mass flow rate. Ch. 8: Temperature and heat-flux measurement, presenting related standards and calibration, thermal-expansion methods, thermoelectric sensors, electrical￾resistance sensors, junction semiconductor sensors, digital thermometers, radiation methods, temperature-measuring problems in flowing fluids, dynamic response of temperature sensors, heat-flux sensors, etc

上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.5 Contents of this course Ch.9:Electrical parameter measurement,e.g.the measurement of voltage,current, impedance,power,frequency and phase. Ch.10:Miscellaneous measurements,including time,frequency and phase-angle measurement,and liquid level,humidity,chemical composition measurement. Also briefly introducing the concepts of using"observers"to measure inaccessible variables in physical systems and the concept of sensor fusion,etc.. Ch.11:Manipulation,transmission and recording of data,introducing manipulating and computing and compensating devices,data transmission and instrument connectivity,voltage indicating and recording devices,etc. 上游充道通大￥ SHANGHAI JAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.6 Related Issues Your ATTENDANCE and ATTENTION would be very much appreciated Reference Books: 1.Measurement Systems:Application and Design,Ernest,O.Doebelin, ISBN:7-111-15605-6,机械工业出版社，2005 2.The Measurement,Instrumentation and Sensors handbook,John G Webster,ISBN:3540648305,CRC Press published in cooperation with IEEE Press,c1999 3.Instrumentation,Measurement and Analysis,B C Nakra and KK Chadhry, ISBN 0-07-048296-9,Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited,2006 Examination Scores Attendance 20 Experiment 20+Homework 20+Final Test 40=100

1.5 Contents of this course Ch. 9: Electrical parameter measurement, e.g. the measurement of voltage, current, impedance, power, frequency and phase. Ch. 10: Miscellaneous measurements, including time, frequency and phase-angle measurement, and liquid level, humidity, chemical composition measurement. Also briefly introducing the concepts of using “observers” to measure inaccessible variables in physical systems and the concept of sensor fusion, etc.. Ch.11:Manipulation, transmission and recording of data, introducing manipulating and computing and compensating devices, data transmission and instrument connectivity, voltage indicating and recording devices, etc. 1.6 Related Issues Your ATTENDANCE and ATTENTION would be very much appreciated Reference Books: 1、 Measurement Systems：Application and Design, Ernest, O. Doebelin, ISBN: 7-111-15605-6, 机械工业出版社，2005 2、 The Measurement, Instrumentation and Sensors handbook, John G Webster, ISBN: 3540648305, CRC Press published in cooperation with IEEE Press, c1999 3、Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis, B C Nakra and K K Chadhry, ISBN 0-07-048296-9, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2006 Examination Scores Attendance 20 + Experiment 20 + Homework 20 + Final Test 40 = 100

上游充夏大 SHANGHAI JLAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.6 Related Issues What should you be able to do after this course: Basic concepts of measurement technology 中 Measurement principle and methods of general physics variables Performance of measurement system Be able to design a measurement system Data manipulation storage /transmission methods 上游充大学 SHANGHAI JAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1.6 Related Issues y.ma@sjtu.edu.cn 电院群楼2#313 ftp://public.sjtu.edu.cn Username:y.ma Password Required

1.6 Related Issues What should you be able to do after this course: Basic concepts of measurement technology Measurement principle and methods of general physics variables Performance of measurement system Be able to design a measurement system Data manipulation / storage / transmission methods 1.6 Related Issues y.ma@sjtu.edu.cn 电院群楼2#313 ftp://public.sjtu.edu.cn Username: y.ma Password Required