经济类课件汇集_Chp0 GRAPHING

GRAPHING

GRAPHING

1. Graphs of a single variable Pie chart Bar Graph Time-Series Graph

1. Graphs of a Single Variable • Pie Chart • Bar Graph • Time-Series Graph

(a) pie chart Rental Income This pie chart shows Interest how US national (2%) ncome income is derived from (6%) Proprietors varlous sources ome 8%) Corporate profits (12%) Compensation of employees (72%)

Compensation of employees (72%) Corporate profits (12%) Proprietor’s income (8%) Interest income (6%) Rental income (2%) This pie chart shows how US national income is derived from various sources. (a) Pie Chart

(b)Bar Graph The bar graph compares United the average income in four countries Income per States Person in 2000 ($34,100) 35,000 United Kingdom 30,000 ($23550) 25,000 20,000 Mexico 15,000 ($8,790) 10,000 India $2,340 5,000 United United Mexico India States Kingdom

(b) Bar Graph 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 United States United Kingdom Mexico India Income per Person in 2000 United States ($34,100) United Kingdom ($23,550) Mexico ($8,790) India ($2,340) The bar graph compares the average income in four countries

(c)Time-Series Graph Productivit 120 100 80 The time-series graph shows the productivity of labor in U.s. businesses from 1950 to 2000 195019601970198019902000

(c) Time-Series Graph 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 100 120 140 - 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Productivity Index The time-series graph shows the productivity of labor in U.S. businesses from 1950 to 2000

2. Graphs of Two Variables The Coordinate System Grade Point Average Albert e (25, 3.5) Graph pint average is measured on the vertical Alfred E axis and study time on (5,2.0) the horizontal axis Albert E. and Alfred E are represented by 0.5 various points. We can see from the graph that 0 15 20 30 students who study Study Time more tend to get higher (hours per week) grades

2. Graphs of Two Variables: The Coordinate System 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 Albert E. (25, 3.5) Alfred E. (5, 2.0) Graph pint average is measured on the vertical axis and study time on the horizontal axis. Albert E. and Alfred E. are represented by various points. We can see from the graph that students who study more tend to get higher grades. Grade Point Average Study Time (hours per week)

3. Curves in the Coordinate System Income Price 20,000 $30,000 40,000 $10 2 novels 5 novels 8 novels 12 8 10 13 17 20 18 21 24 22 25 28 This table shows the number of novels Emma buys at various incomes and prices For any given level of incomes, the data on price and quantity demanded can be graphed to produce Emma's demand curve for novels

3. Curves in the Coordinate System Income Price $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $10 2 novels 5 novels 8 novels 9 6 9 12 8 10 13 16 7 14 17 20 6 18 21 24 5 22 25 28 This table shows the number of novels Emma buys at various incomes and prices. For any given level of incomes, the data on price and quantity demanded can be graphed to produce Emma’s demand curve for novels

Demand curve Price of Novers The line di shows how 10 Emma's purchases of 13,8 novels depend on the price of novels when 6 her income is held constant Because the Demand, D1 price and the quantity demanded are negatively related, the demand curve slopes 5 1317 25 downward Quantity of Novels Purchased

Demand Curve Quantity of Novels Purchased 5, 10 9, 9 13, 8 17, 7 21, 6 25, 5 0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 0 5 9 1 3 1 7 2 1 2 5 Price of Novels Demand,D1 The line D1 shows how Emma’s purchases of novels depend on the price of novels when her income is held constant. Because the price and the quantity demanded are negatively related, the demand curve slopes downward

Shift demand curves Price of Novels When income increases, the demand curve shifts to the right When income decreases. the demand curve shifts to the left Incorne= Income= Income= $20000$30,000540,000 0 0 1013151620 25 30 Quantity of Novels Purchased When a variable that is not named on either axis changes, the curve shifts

Shift Demand Curves Price of Novels Quantity of Novels Purchased 0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 0 5 1 0 13 16 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 When income increases, the demand curve shifts to the right. When income decreases, the demand curve shifts to the left. D2 Income= $40,000 D1 Income= $30,000 D3 Income= $20,000 When a variable that is not named on either axis changes, the curve shifts

4. Slope Price of Novels △y 13$8 8 △x 6-8=-2 21$6 6 21-13=8 0 5 13 17 21 25 Quantity of Novels Purchased sop 1y first y-coordinate -second y-coordinate 21-1384 first x-coordinate-second x-coordinate

4. Slope 0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 0 5 9 1 3 1 7 2 1 2 5 Price of Novels Quantity of Novels Purchased 13,$8 6-8=-2 21,$6 21-13=8 x y slo p   = 4 1 8 2 2 1 1 3 6 8 − = − = − − = =   = firstyco o rdin atea a a aaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaa x y slo p first y-coordinate – second y-coordinate first x-coordinate – second x-coordinate