美国电气和电子工程师协会：《信息科学原理》英文版 Chapter 2 The Concept description of Information

Principles of Information Science Chapter 2 The Concept description of information

Chapter 2 The Concept & Description of Information Principles of Information Science

Problems to be concerned with 1. How should we define the concept of Information 2. What are the typical features of Information compared with matter and energy 3. What are the relationship and difference between Shannon Information and Comprehensive Information 4. How to reasonably classify Information 5. How to properly represent Information

Problems To Be Concerned With 1. How should we define the concept of Information ? 2. What are the typical features of Information compared with matter and energy ? 3. What are the relationship and difference between Shannon Information and Comprehensive Information ? 4. How to reasonably classify Information ? 5. How to properly represent Information ?

2-1 Definitions of information Some of the existing definitions N. Wiener: Neither matter, nor energy. C. Shannon: Something that can be used to remove uncertainty. R. Ashby: The variety of a set L Bertalanffy: The complexity of a system G. Longo: The difference among things Dictionary: The message unknown before

2-1 Definitions of Information Some of the existing definitions N. Wiener: Neither matter, nor energy. C. Shannon: Something that can be used to remove uncertainty. R. Ashby: The variety of a set. L. Bertalanffy: The complexity of a system. G. Longo: The difference among things. Dictionary: The message unknown before

Some Interrelated and Easily Confused Concepts Information Message Signal/ media Data Code Knowledge

Information Signal / Media Message Data Knowledge Some Interrelated and Easily Confused Concepts Code

Our Understanding of Information Constraints Levels Applicability None Highest Widest Least Second Highest Second Widest More Lower Narrower The most The lowest The narrowest

Our Understanding of Information Constraints Levels Applicability None Highest Widest Least Second Highest Second Widest More Lower Narrower The Most The Lowest The Narrowest

Our Understanding of Information(Continued) Constraints Levels Applicability None Ontology Widest Subiect Epistemology Subject world

Our Understanding of Information (Continued) Constraints Levels Applicability None Ontology Widest Subject Epistemology Subject World

Definition of Ontological Information The ontological information about an event is the self-description concerning he states at which the event exists and the way with which the states vary The popularity and completeness of the definition: 1)the event: either in real world or in mind. )the state: internal structure and external linkage. 3)the variation: motion in any sense

Definition of Ontological Information The ontological information about an event is the self-description concerning -- the states at which the event exists and -- the way with which the states vary. S1 Sn SN 1) the event: either in real world or in mind. 3) the variation: motion in any sense. The popularity and completeness of the definition: 2) the state: internal structure and external linkage

Definition of Epistemological Information The epistemological information about an object possessed by a subject is what he perceived/mediated concerning the form, the content, and the value of the states-ways of the object F orm Content Value Object States, Subject Ways Semantic Pragmatic Syntactic Comprehensive Information

Definition of Epistemological Information The epistemological information about an object possessed by a subject is what he perceived/mediated concerning the form, the content, and the value of the states-ways of the object States/ Ways Object Subject Form Content Value Semantic Syntactic Pragmatic Comprehensive Information

Comprehensive Information: an trinity of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic information. Pragmatic Integrative Semantic Pragmatic Syntactic Integrative Semantic

Integrative Semantic Integrative Pragmatic Pragmatic Semantic Syntactic Comprehensive Information: an trinity of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic information

2-2 The classification of information Observation: a priori, a posteriori Position: Obiective, Subjective Role: Useful useless harmful Logic: True, False Area: Industrial, Agricultural, Economic, Social Medium Source: Voice, Image, Data, Text Carrier: Electronic, Optic, biologic Form: Discrete, Continuous

2-2 The Classification of Information Observation: a priori, a posteriori Position: Objective, Subjective Role: Useful, Useless, Harmful Logic: True, False Area: Industrial, Agricultural, Economic, Social, ... Medium Source: Voice, Image, Data, Text, ... Carrier: Electronic, Optic, Biologic, ... Form: Discrete, Continuous, ... … …