《系统解剖学 Systematic Anatomy》课程教学课件（PPT英文讲稿）Part II Splanchnology_Chapter 1 Alimentary System_2.1Alimentary canal

·AlimentarysystemRespiratorysystem·UrinarysystemGenitalsystemSplanchnology(I )--General description--- Alimentary system

- General description - Alimentary system Splanchnology (Ⅰ) • Genital system • Alimentary system • Respiratory system • Urinary system

I. Common features of the splanchnology（I）Generalstructures1.Tubular canal / hollow organs2. Non-tubular / parenchymatous organsLiverLungAlimentarysystem

（Ⅰ）General structures 1. Tubular canal / hollow organs 2. Non-tubular / parenchymatous organs • Liver • Lung Ⅰ. Common features of the splanchnology • Alimentary system

1. Tubular canal / hollow organs: are constituted by a soft walland an internal cavity..transport the contents:each system may communicateswiththeexternal environmentthrough some openings on thesurface of the bodyAlimentary system

1. Tubular canal / hollow organs • are constituted by a soft wall and an internal cavity. • transport the contents. • each system may communicates with the external environment through some openings on the surface of the body. • Alimentary system

·Adventitia·Muscularlayer·Submucosa.Mucosa· a diagram of alimentary canal

• Mucosa • Submucosa • Muscular layer • Adventitia • a diagram of alimentary canal

2.Non-tubular / parenchymatous organsglandular glands. no certain cavity·the organ is enclosed in a fibrous capsuleand divided into many units known as lobules:a somewhat depression or slit on the surfaceof the organ is called the hilum (porta)·Hilum of lung·Hilum of kidney·Portahepatis

• Porta hepatis • Hilum of lung • Hilum of kidney • glandular glands. no certain cavity. • the organ is enclosed in a fibrous capsule and divided into many units known as lobules. • a somewhat depression or slit on the surface of the organ is called the hilum（porta） 2. Non-tubular / parenchymatous organs

（丘）Location·Thoracic cavity·Abdominal cavity·Pelvic cavity.Head, neck and perineum（Ⅲ）Functionperform the metabolism·reproduce the new life

（Ⅱ）Location • Thoracic cavity • Abdominal cavity • Pelvic cavity • Head, neck and perineum （Ⅲ）Function • perform the metabolism • reproduce the new life

.The reference lines of the thoracic &abdominal regionsAnteriormedian line锁骨中线胸骨线·Midclavicular line胸骨旁线前正中线·Midaxillary line段上区右季肋区·Scapular line一左季肋区.Posteriormedian line脐区右外侧区左外侧区?左区石路区下区

Ⅲ. The reference lines of the thoracic & abdominal regions • Anterior median line • Midclavicular line • Midaxillary line • Scapular line • Posterior median line •

Scapular linePosterior median line

Scapular line Posterior median line

Abdomen can be divided into 9 regions by four lines:passes through the lowest point of the costal margin·the horizontal linespasses through the tubercles of the iliac lines..thevertical lines----midclavicularlineEpigastricHypochondriacUmbilicalLateralPubicInguinal

Abdomen can be divided into 9 regions by four lines: passes through the lowest point of the costal margin passes through the tubercles of the iliac lines. • the horizontal lines • the vertical lines - midclavicular line Epigastric Umbilical Pubic Hypochondriac Lateral Inguinal

The alimentary systemI.Alimentary canalupper alimentary canal (mouth → duodenum)lower alimentary canal (jejunum → anus).Digestiveglandssmall ones:glands of mucosa & submucosalarge ones: salivary glands, liver, pancreas

The alimentary system upper alimentary canal (mouth → duodenum) lower alimentary canal (jejunum → anus) small ones: glands of mucosa & submucosa large ones: salivary glands, liver, pancreas Ⅰ. Alimentary canal Ⅱ. Digestive glands